Bio Study Guide 1 (Test 5)

Question 1

What is the basic definition of binary fission?

Answer 1

Bacterial cell division; only applies to bacteria

Question 2

Which eukaryotic kingdom of organisms have the most chromosomes on average per individual?

Answer 2

Plants

Question 3

How many chromosomes do humans have within their normal body cells?

Answer 3

46 Chromosomes

Question 4

If someone is considered monosomy regarding their chromosomes, what does that mean?

Answer 4

They have one less chromosome

Question 5

If someone is considered trisomy regarding their chromosomes, what does that mean?

Answer 5

They have an extra chromosome

Question 6

Regarding chromosome and chromatin structures, within the _______________, every 200 nucleotides, the DNA duplex is coiled around a core of eight histone proteins. Fill in the blank.

Answer 6

Nucleosome

Question 7

What is a Karyotype

Answer 7

A physical representation of your chromosomes

Question 8

Regrading chromosome and chromatin structures, a string of nucleosomes wrap into higher-order coiled called ______________. Fill in the blank.

Answer 8

Solenoids

Question 9

According to the video Chromosomes and Karyotypes, why are chromosomes packed so tightly? (there are two reasons, know both of them)

Answer 9

1.DNA has to fit inside a nucleus

2.Really important for when you make more cells (i.e mitosis)

Question 10

According to the video Chromosomes and Karyotypes, chromosomes are bound in a region called the ____________. Fill in the blank.

Answer 10

centromere

Question 11

According to the video Chromosomes and Karyotypes, during what phase of mitosis are karyotypes stained and observed? Why?

Answer 11

Metaphase - At this stage, the chromosomes are distinguishable when viewed through a microscope

Question 12

According to the video Chromosomes and Karyotypes, twenty-two pairs of your chromosomes are called autosomes. What does this mean?

Answer 12

Autosomes - aren’t related to your biological sex

Question 13

According to the video Chromosomes and Karyotypes, the last pair of chromosomes (pair twenty-three) are called sex chromosomes. What does them mean? How are males and females sex chromosomes different?

Answer 13

Means: they determine biological sex
-Different since females have 2 X chromosomes, and males have 1 X and 1 Y chromosome

Question 14

What is the difference between the terms haploid and diploid?

Answer 14

Haploid has 1 set of chromosomes and Diploid has 2

Question 15

What does the term homologous mean regarding chromosomes?

Answer 15

It means the same set of chromosomes

Question 16

Which statement describes what occurs during the stage of interphase?

Answer 16

A cell grows → replicates its chromosomes → prepares for cell division

Question 17

Which statement describes what occurs during the S stage of interphase?

Answer 17

A specific DNA sequence bound at the centromere

Question 18

What is the simple definition of cytokinesis which takes place at the end of mitosis?

Answer 18

Cytokinesis- officially splitting the cell

Question 19

According to the video Mitosis – The Amazing Cell Process that Uses Division to Multiply, during the cell cycle, ninety-percent of the time the cell is completing __________ and ten-percent of the time __________. Fill in the blanks.

Answer 19

interphase, mitosis

Question 20

According to the video Mitosis – The Amazing Cell Process that Uses Division to Multiply, during interphase, you go from having 46 chromosomes and 46 chromatids to 46 chromosomes (still) and 92 chromatids. Why?

Answer 20

46 chromosomes replicating in interphase
-When the 46 chromosomes duplicate, we still say they’re 46 chromosomes, but the sister chromotids are still attached and we’re counting by centromeres

-(centromeres explained in #15)

Question 21

During the stage of interphase, where do the microtubules begin to attach to on a sister chromatid?

Answer 21

Kinetochores

Question 22

During the stage of interphase, centrioles start to be produced. What is their general function once mitosis begins?

Answer 22

Centrioles help to arrange the microtubules that move chromosomes during cell division to ensure each daughter cell receives the appropriate number of chromosomes.

Question 23

What takes place for you to officially know that the stage of interphase has now turned into prophase of mitosis? (we discussed one main thing in class)

Answer 23

When chromatins become full of chromosomes

Question 24

What is a difference between the plant and animal prophase stage of mitosis (we discussed one main difference)?

Answer 24

Aster formation does not occur in the plant process of prophase

Question 25

What takes place for you to officially know that the stage of prophase of mitosis has now turned into metaphase of mitosis?

Answer 25

When all of the chromosomes are lined up on the metaphase plate

Question 26

What takes place for you to officially know that the stage of metaphase of mitosis has now turned into anaphase of mitosis?

Answer 26

Indicator of Anaphase - as soon as the sister chromatids are being split

Question 27

What takes place for you to officially know that the stage of anaphase of mitosis has now turned into telophase of mitosis?

Answer 27

Indicator of telophase - you have separation

Question 28

Which statement accurately describes the end product of mitosis?

Answer 28

Two diploid cells that are genetically identical to each other and the parent cell.

Question 29

Why do plant cells not use actin to separate their cells at the end of telophase (during cytokinesis)?

Answer 29

They dont use actin to separate their cells because the cell wall cannot be broken