BIO Technique

Question 1

Red free filter on BIO differentiates retinal from choroidal lesions but decreases visibility of

Answer 1

The choroid, and may enhance visibility of the retina

Question 2

Cobalt blue filter on BIO

Answer 2

Auto fluorescence of OHN drusen

Question 3

Yellow filter on BIO decreases risk of

Answer 3

Phototoxicity/ less photophobia , less glare

Question 4

When you turn in BIO make sure you set

Answer 4

Rheostat to about 50%

Set mydriatic pupil setting to maximum dilated

Question 5

How to do BIO on small pupil (4)

Answer 5

• increase power of lens
• increase WD
• decrease instrument PD
• decrease separation between viewing beams and illumination beam

Question 6

You maybe adjust mirror height during BIO to

Answer 6

Maintain binocularity and fit the light beam through the slit like aperture if the oblique pupil

Question 7

If diplopia is encountered during BIO you could adjust (4)

Answer 7

• PD
• headband
• increase WD
• relax accommodation

Question 8

Adjust IPD ____ until the object is centered in the field of view

Answer 8

Monocularly

Question 9

20D condensing lens is a good balance between

Answer 9

Mag and FOV

Question 10

Higher power lenses offer ___ FOV

Answer 10

Greater FOV

Question 11

Higher power lenses can aid w/examination through ____ pupils

Answer 11

Small pupils

Question 12

Silver edge in condensing lens points

Answer 12

Away from observer

Question 13

Yellow condensing lenses are helpful for

Answer 13

Decrease blue light hazard
Reduces pt discomfort
( can miss ONH color)

Question 14

BIO on seated pt is possible but

Answer 14

Will hinder examination of the periphery

Question 15

When pt is reclined for BIO adjust their height to

Answer 15

Waist high or slightly lower

Question 16

Position of pt best for most views

Answer 16

Reclined in primary position

Question 17

Holding the condensing lens

Answer 17

The extended 3rd finger hold the pts lid and acts as a pivot that allows us to tilt lens

Do not rest your hand on more than a single finger

Question 18

As the condensing lens is gradually moved away from the pts eye, the pupil becomes

Answer 18

Magnified until it fills the entire area of the lens

Question 19

If the condensing lens is moved too close to the iris

Answer 19

The peripheral fundus will not be illuminated

Question 20

If the condensing lens is moved too far from the patients eye

Answer 20

Light from the peripheral retina will not reach the observers eye

Question 21

How does WD affect magnification

Answer 21

Decrease in WD, increases magnification

Question 22

WD that’s too short will produce

Answer 22

Difficulties with accommodation, convergence, and possibly diplopia

Question 23

Excessive tilting of the lens will induce

Answer 23

Cylinder that will distort the fundus image

Question 24

Entire periphery may be inspected by examining __ meridians using a __ lens. How are you supposed to scan the meridians?

Answer 24

8 meridians
20D lens
Radially from posterior to the equator out to the anterior limit of the fundus

Question 25

Landmarks from center to periphery?

Answer 25

Equator -> ora serrated -> pars plans

Question 26

Absorption of UV light ___ with age

Answer 26

Increases

Question 27

How much UVR reaches retina

Answer 27

Almost no UVR Cornea absorbs UVR Lens UVB + UVA

Question 28

Photothermal AKA

Answer 28

Photocoagulation Light generates temp increase of 10 degrees above body temp

Question 29

Photochemical aka

Answer 29

Photic injury | Visible light linitiates non thermal, non mechanical damage, probably by generation of free radicals

Question 30

Photo mechanical aka

Answer 30

Photodisruption | Mechanically disrupted by acoustic transient and gaseous formation

Question 31

Photochemical damage is associated with

Answer 31

Longer exposure and extreme wavelength (short wavelength)

Question 32

A more heavily pigmented iris will ___ retinal irradiance, ___ photic injury

Answer 32

Decrease | Decrease

Question 33

Greater photochemical damage occurs in ____ state

Answer 33

Dark adapted

Question 34

Higher levels of macular pigment, usually associated with higher dietary intake of the carotenoids

Answer 34

Lutein and zeaxanthin, believed to be more protective

Question 35

Factors affecting risk of photochemical damage

Answer 35

``` Location of retina Macular pigment optical density Iris pigmentation Dark adaptation state Phasing state Preexisting disease ```

Question 36

Photochemical damge in aphasia

Answer 36

Higher risk | Possible protective effect of blue blocker IOLs

Question 37

Physical factors of light that are cause risk

Answer 37

Shorter wavelength of visible light Higher intensity Continuous exposure

Question 38

A thermally enhanced photo toxic reaction at the outer retina and RPE associated with sun gazing

Answer 38

Thermally enhanced photo toxic reaction

Question 39

Symptoms of maculopathy

Answer 39

``` Decrease vas Central scotoma Metamorphosia Micropsia Dyschromatopsia ```

Question 40

In solar maculophathy acute phase, there’s usually a smal yellowish fovea lesion which usually

Answer 40

Fades after 2 weeks and is replaced by small multifaceted outer retinal hole w a pigment halo

Question 41

Slit lamp vs BIO retinal irradiance

Answer 41

Slit lamp causes 2-3 times greater retinal irradiance than BIO

Question 42

Use of a yellow lens during BIO increased safe periods by

Answer 42

Factor of 20 to about an hour

Question 43

Retinal irradiance vs lens power

Answer 43

Retinal irradiance decreases with increased lens power

Question 44

There are numerous reports of retinal light injury caused by operating microscopes during cataract and virectomy surgery

Answer 44

True

Question 45

20D lens provides an ___ FOV

Answer 45

8DD field of view

Question 46

Lesions that are more peripheral in the fundus are

Answer 46

More anterior in the eye

Question 47

What’s at the center of fundus drawings

Answer 47

Fovea

Question 48

For scleral depression the tip is places

Answer 48

On horizontal fold which is the tarsal plate

Question 49

During scleral depression do not

Answer 49

Lift handle of inventor any more than necessary to accommodate the condensing lens Slide it laterally and move it more posteriorly