bio term 1

Question 1

What does DNA stand for?

Answer 1

Deoxyribonucleic acid

Question 2

What is the structure and shape of DNA?

Answer 2

Structure - Nucleotides (3 parts)

Shape - a double helix

Question 3

Where is DNA found?

Answer 3

Contained in the nucleus

Question 4

What are the 3 parts of a nucleotide?

Answer 4

Phosphate, sugar, base

Question 5

What are the complementary base pairs?

Answer 5

Adenine and Thymine

Cytosine and Guanine

Question 6

Define gene?

Answer 6

Segments of DNA in a chromosome.

Question 7

What are chromosomes made of?

Answer 7

segments of DNA called genes

Question 8

How many chromosomes are there in a human cell?

Answer 8

46 chromosomes (23 pairs)

Question 9

What is the genetic code?

Answer 9

The order of bases of each gene contains information for one characteristic. this is known as the genetic code.

Question 10

What are the two basic functions of DNA?

Answer 10

Carry genetic information for inheritance

Coding for amino acids to produce proteins

Question 11

Define DNA replication

Answer 11

This is to carry the genetic code accurately and pass it on to future generations.

Question 12

What are the steps in DNA replication?

Answer 12

1. “unzip” the DNA strand
2. Bases of exposed strands pair up with free nucleotides forming new complementary strand
3. The new strand is identical to the first

Question 13

What is protein synthesis?

Answer 13

The process of making proteins in the cell

Question 14

How do proteins work?

Answer 14

• Amino acids link to form proteins.
• They are synthesized in the ribosomes.
• Must be copied to RNA which then goes through the nuclear pores.
• The ribosome reads the codon and signals for the correct acid to be added to the protein chain.

Question 15

Where to we get amino acids from?

Answer 15

The food we eat

Question 16

How many amino acids are there in total?

Answer 16

20

Question 17

What are amino acids made up of?

Answer 17

1 codon

Question 18

What is a codon?

Answer 18

3 bases combined

Question 19

What does RNA stand for and what is it’s base pairs?

Answer 19

Ribonucleic acid.

Cytosine to guanine
Adenine to Uracil

Question 20

Where is RNA formed?

Answer 20

In the nucleus and cytoplasm.

Question 21

Define Alleles

Answer 21

Variety of a gene

Question 22

Define Genotypes

Answer 22

Combination of alleles. They help to determine phenotype

Question 23

Define ribosome

Answer 23

manufacture proteins

Question 24

Define Phenotype

Answer 24

A physical characteristic based on genotype

Question 25

Define Dominant trait

Answer 25

A trait that only requires a single allele to be expressed. (Capital letter)

Question 26

Define Recessive trait

Answer 26

Only expressed if there are no alleles for the dominant trait present. (lowercase)

Question 27

Define Heterozygous

Answer 27

The term used when the alleles are different. eg: Bb

Question 28

Define Homozygous

Answer 28

The term used when the alleles are the same. Also known as 'pure breeding'. eg: BB

Question 29

Define evolution

Answer 29

Is defined as the gradual change in a characteristic of a species over time

Question 30

What does evolution occur through? and who discovered this process?

Answer 30

Natural selection Charles Darwin and Alfred Wallace

Question 31

Define natural selection?

Answer 31

A process by which a species becomes better adapted to it's environment

Question 32

What are two key inferences discovered from natural selection?

Answer 32

- In the struggle to survive, those individuals most suited to their environment survive - Those individuals that survive pass on their traits to their children

Question 33

What is transcription?

Answer 33

- Make a copy of gene as a strand of mRNA | - Strand leaves gene

Question 34

What is translation?

Answer 34

- mRNA travels to ribosome - tRNA bring the required amino acid to the ribosomes - amino acids join to make protein

Question 35

What is tRNA?

Answer 35

Transfer RNA used in translation

Question 36

What is mRNA?

Answer 36

messenger RNA

Question 37

define the nucleus

Answer 37

contains the DNA/genetic material and controls the many functions of the cell

Question 38

Define nuclear pores

Answer 38

gaps in the nuclear membrane through which small molecules can pass (mRNA)

Question 39

define nucleolus

Answer 39

Located in the nucleus and contains RNA (which can be used to make mRNA)