Bio Terminology: Word Wall

Question 1

Alternation of Generation

Answer 1

The alternation of a sexual phase and an asexual phase of a plant/organism

Question 2

Haploid

Answer 2

A single set of chromosomes in a cell

Question 3

Diploid

Answer 3

Two sets of chromosomes in a cell

Question 4

Gamete

Answer 4

Another term for sex cells

Question 5

Name of male gamete

Answer 5

Sperm

Question 6

Name of female gamete

Answer 6

Egg

Question 7

Sporophyte

Answer 7

A diploid spore-making plant

Question 8

Gametophyte

Answer 8

A gamete-making plant

Question 9

Pyrenoid

Answer 9

Structure associated with chloroplasts of some simple plants specializing in converting sugar into starch for storage.

Question 10

Mitosis

Answer 10

The process of a parent cell splitting into GENETICALLY identical daughter cells.

(eg: skin repair)

Question 11

Meiosis

Answer 11

Reduction division; the process used in the creation of gametes.

[NOTE: the diploid (2N) cell becomes haploid (N)]

Question 12

Zygote

Answer 12

The fusion of two different-sex gametes, resulting in a diploid cell/fertilization.

Question 13

Roots

Answer 13

Structures tracheophytes (vascular plants) possess to absorb water and nutrients.

Question 14

Stems

Answer 14

Holds up the plant, bears fruit, leaves and flowers, and contains vascular tissue.

Question 15

Leaves

Answer 15

Plant “organ” responsible/specialized for photosynthesis

Question 16

Diffusion

Answer 16

The movement of anything from a region of higher concentration to a region of lower concentration

Question 17

Sporangia/Sporangium (singular vs plural)

Answer 17

Spore-producing structure found in many simple plants and algae

Question 18

Gametangia/Gametangium (singular vs plural)

Answer 18

Gamete-producing organ in plants and algae. Does not “flourish” until conditions are good.

Question 19

Zoospores

Answer 19

A motil (can move on its own) asexual spore that uses a flagellum for locomotion

Question 20

Stomata/Stoma

Answer 20

Pore-like opening on the underside of leaves for gas exchanges and water evaporation.

Question 21

Cuticle

Answer 21

Waxy layer on the topside of a leaf to prevent water loss.

Question 22

Xylem

Answer 22

Vascular tissue that transports water and dissolved minerals. Also provides physical support.

Question 23

Phloem

Answer 23

Vascular tissue that transports the products of photosynthesis.

Question 24

Rhizoid

Answer 24

Tiny root-like structures which anchor non-vascular plants or parts of plants (such as moss and fern gametophytes) to the ground.

Question 25

Rhizome

Answer 25

Horizontal underground plant stem capable of producing the shoot and root systems of a new plant. Used to store starches and proteins. Enables plants to survive an annual unfavorable season underground.

Question 26

Frond

Answer 26

A branch-like structure part of a fern's sporophyte

Question 27

Holdfast

Answer 27

Algae anchoring structure

Question 28

Stipe

Answer 28

Stem-like structures of algae (like the "trunk" of a plant)

Question 29

Blade

Answer 29

Photosynthetic structures of algae

Question 30

Air Bladder

Answer 30

Device used by algae to help it float (also helps them exchange gasses and absorbed nutrients?)

Question 31

Flagella

Answer 31

Long protein extensions from cells used for movement

Question 32

Cilia

Answer 32

Microscopic protein structures to help an organism move.

Question 33

Zygospores

Answer 33

Sexually produced reproductive body

Question 34

Conjugation Tube

Answer 34

Tube that allows gametes to move through and fuse with the other gamete

Question 35

Filament

Answer 35

Thread-like structure (Spirogyra has a filamentous shape)

Question 36

Colonial

Answer 36

Living as a colony. Volvox is an example of COLONIAL algae.

Question 37

Unicellular

Answer 37

Single-celled

Question 38

Syngamy/Fertilization

Answer 38

Process of the union of two gametes for the generation of a zygote

Question 39

Heterogamete

Answer 39

Gametes produced are different???? [BEST DEFINITION STILL UNCLEAR; WILL ASK TEACHER]

Question 40

Homogamete/Isogamete

Answer 40

Gametes produced are the same???? [BEST DEFINITION STILL UNCLEAR; WILL ASK TEACHER]

Question 41

Archegonium

Answer 41

Female reproductive organ on tip of fern and moss gametophytes

Question 42

Antheridium

Answer 42

Male reproductive organ on tip of on fern and moss gametophytes

Question 43

Calyptra/Capsule

Answer 43

a maternal organ covering the moss sporophyte

Question 44

Seta/Stalk

Answer 44

Stalk supporting the capsule of a moss

Question 45

Protonema

Answer 45

a branched threadlike structure that grows from a (moss?) spore and eventually becomes the moss plant.

Question 46

Germination

Answer 46

To grow (seed or spore)

Question 47

Sori/Sorus

Answer 47

Tiny dots on the backside of a fern frond. Used for asexual reproduction.

Question 48

Prothalium

Answer 48

Product of a germinating fern spore

Question 49

Fuxoxanthin

Answer 49

Pigment molecules in brown algae

Question 50

Laminarin

Answer 50

A storage glucan found in brown algae

Question 51

Phycobilins

Answer 51

Light-capturing bilins found in chloroplasts of red algae

Question 52

Annulus

Answer 52

Arc or a ring of specialized cells on the sporangium

Question 53

Stalk

Answer 53

Main stem of a (vascular) plant/gametophyte (?)

Question 54

Microgametophyte

Answer 54

Is what becomes of a microspore (pollen).

Question 55

Megagametophyte

Answer 55

Is what becomes of a megaspore (egg sack)

Question 56

Ovule

Answer 56

flower ovary/ovarian structure in angiosperms in which several ova (eggs) will develop

Question 57

Megaspore

Answer 57

The female gamete which develops into a megagametophyte. (this is the embryo sac in seed plants which contains the egg)

Question 58

Microspore

Answer 58

The male gamete which develops into a microgametophyte. In seed plants this is pollen.