Bio Test 1

Question 1

what happens to biomass from lower to higher trophic levels

Answer 1

bio mass declines between 11% and 15%

Question 1

What does biomass represent in a trophic pyramid

Answer 1

chemicals energy

Question 2

Is energy used in the production of offspring available to higher trophic levels

Answer 2

yes

Question 3

How efficient are animals that produce their own body heat and maintain and high body temperature able to convert food into biomass

Answer 3

less efficient than animals that do not regulate their body temperature

Question 4

About how much of the suns energy is captured by photosynthesis

Answer 4

1%

Question 5

in the terrestrial carbon cycle, what is the abiotic reservoir that living organisms directly obtain their carbon

Answer 5

the atmosphere

Question 6

What are the hierarchal levels?

Answer 6

atoms, molecule, cell, Tissue, Organ, Organ system, Multicellular, population, species, community, ecosystem, Biosphere

Question 7

Biosphere

Answer 7

That part of earth inhabited by living organisms; includes both living and nonliving components

Question 8

Ecosystem

Answer 8

a community together with its nonliving surroundings

Question 9

community

Answer 9

two or more populations of different species living and interacting in the same area

Question 10

species

Answer 10

very similar, potentially interbreeding organisms

Question 11

population

Answer 11

members of one species inhabiting the same area

Question 12

multicellular organism

Answer 12

an individual living thing composed of many cells

Question 13

organ system

Answer 13

two or more organs working together in the execution of a specific bodily function

Question 14

organ

Answer 14

a structure usually composed of several tissue types that form a functional unit

Question 15

tissue

Answer 15

a group of similar cells that perform a specific function

Question 16

cell

Answer 16

that smallest unit of life

Question 17

molecule

Answer 17

a combination of atoms

Question 18

atom

Answer 18

the smallest particle of an element that retains the properties of that element

Question 19

How is the atomic scale directly related to the biosphere scale

Answer 19

both are governed by physical laws

Question 20

what is ecology

Answer 20

the study of how organisms interact with each other and the nonliving environments

Question 21

nutrient

Answer 21

ability to be something

Question 22

energy

Answer 22

ability to do things

Question 23

What is the difference between protists and prokaryotes

Answer 23

protists are Eukaryotes so they have membrane bound organelles

Question 24

how do you know that organic molecules contain more energy than inorganic molecules?

Answer 24

because they are living

Question 25

Why does nutrients cycle but energy flows

Answer 25

the nutrients are constantly going around while energy does not have a specific route but can come and go from different parts

Question 26

In biology, if we call something food, which two general ‘things’ must it contain?

Answer 26

energy and nutrients

Question 27

Why are biogeochemical processes crucial to life

Answer 27

Energy is never destroyed so it will constantly be around, so these process are a way for that energy to flow through organisms

Question 28

What are the 4 major components of the atmosphere

Answer 28

nitrogen, oxygen, water vapor, carbon dioxide

Question 29

what is the inorganic part of the atmosphere

Answer 29

carbon dioxide

Question 30

If there is so much N, so freely available, why do people buy nitrogen fertilizer to apply N to our crops and gardens?

Answer 30

nitrogen assimilation helps plants grow, so adding extra nitrogen helps that process even more

Question 31

What are the two major forms of carbon involved in the biogeochemical process

Answer 31

organic and inorganic

Question 32

What are the major reservoirs for carbon

Answer 32

inorganic - atmosphere, ocean and large bodies of water, rock (which in inaccessible) organic -living organisms, detritus, fossil fuels

Question 33

What are the major processes that cause transformations of C?

Answer 33

photosynthesis, cellular respiration, decomposition, and burning

Question 34

How does Carbon change in form as a result of each of the major Carbon transformation processes?

Answer 34

Photosynthesis - Co2 to organic materials cellular respiration - organic materials to co2 decomposition - organic materials to co2 burning - organic materials to co2

Question 35

What is the difference between autotrophs and heterotrophs

Answer 35

autotrophs create their own food and heterotrophs get food from other organisms

Question 36

what do autotrophs and heterotrophs ave to do with inorganic and organic carbon?

Answer 36

Autotrophic organisms are those that have inorganic carbon sources (primary producers), which they use to produce their own organic nourishment, while heterotrophs use organic carbon sources, or in other words, other living organisms or derivatives from them (case of humans).

Question 37

In the global C cycle, which process involving transformation of C is current human activity impacting the most?

Answer 37

Burning since humans are burning for fossil fuels that the rest off the carbon cycle can keep up with

Question 38

What are the major forms of Nitrogen in biogeochemical cycling

Answer 38

reactive N, unrecative N, organic N

Question 39

What are the major reservoirs for the major forms of Nitrogen

Answer 39

Reactive N - the atmosphere Unreactive N - soil, sediments and water Organic N - organisms, detritus, and fossil fuels

Question 40

Can an N atom in atmospheric N2 move directly into an organic molecule

Answer 40

the N molecule is made up of an extremely strong triple bond so it would have to break for that to occur

Question 41

Approximately what % of chemical energy consumed by the caterpillar is stored in caterpillar biomass that is available to secondary consumers?

Answer 41

30%

Question 42

What are the two main ways that the rest of that original energy intake is lost?

Answer 42

waste and growing the organism

Question 43

Why do we call trophic food chain a ‘pyramid’?

Answer 43

because as we go up to higher levels, the amount of energy being transferred gets smaller exponentially

Question 44

On average, across food chains in all types of ecosystems on earth, approximately what proportion of chemical energy is transferred from one trophic level to the next?

Answer 44

11-15 percent

Question 45

What are some big reasons why energy transfer between trophic levels is so inefficient?

Answer 45

energy is used for the organism to grow and the other have is released as waste

Question 46

What is the maximum number of trophic levels that you are ever likely to find in a natural ecosystem?

Answer 46

4 or 5

Question 47

What is a biomass pyramid? How is it different from an energy pyramid?

Answer 47

A biomass pyramid shows the amount of living matter at each trophic level, while an energy pyramid shows the amount of energy transferred.

Question 48

What type of ecosystem would you find an inverted biomass pyramid and why

Answer 48

plankton and zooplankton because the zooplankton have a high birthrate

Question 49

What is net primary production (NPP)?

Answer 49

energy production per area

Question 50

What are the three major environmental influences (independent variables) on ecosystem NPP (response variable

Answer 50

water, temperature, carbon dioxide concentration, and nutrients.

Question 51

At the global scale, what are some of the most and least productive ecosystems per unit area?

Answer 51

least productive are the oceans because they are mostly very dark and most productive are the rainforests

Question 52

What is one ecosystem that is relatively unproductive per unit area but is still a major contributor to overall (global) NPP?

Answer 52

the ocean because of their large size

Question 52

Are supergroups more or less inclusive (“big”) than Kingdoms?

Answer 52

more inclusive

Question 53

How do you know which branches are unresolved in the super group tree?

Answer 53

when there are multiple species coming from the same branch with no name for them

Question 54

Why can’t Protists be grouped together as a single phylogenetic group?

Answer 54

Because groups of protists do not share a common ancestor with each other that is not also shared with plants, fungi, and animals,

Question 55

phagocytosis

Answer 55

the process by which certain living cells called phagocytes engulf other cells, particles and even pathogens.

Question 56

List two things about eukaryotes that some believe make them/us MUCH more awesome than prokaryotes. (What’s your opinion on the matter?)

Answer 56

a true nucleus and membrane bound organelles

Question 57

what do the mitochondria and plastids have even though they are in Eukaryotic cell

Answer 57

DNA and RNA