Bio test 2-11

Question 1

There are _____ pairs of numbered chromosomes, known as autosomes.

Answer 1

22

Question 2

Name one reason that cells need to divide.

Answer 2

• Reproduction (produce gametes)
• To maintain cell surface to volume ratio
• To repair or replace cells that are worn out, damaged or old
• To enable tissue growth, organs

Question 3

True or False, Chromatin are two identical strands of chromosomes.

Answer 3

False

Question 4

Meiosis begins with a diploid cell consisting of _____ chromosomes and ends with a haploid cell consisting of _____ chromosomes.

Answer 4

46/23

Question 5

A cell containing two copies of each chromosome is _______, while a cell containing only one copy of each chromosome is _______.

Answer 5

Diploid; haploid

Question 6

What is the cellular difference between the result of mitosis and meiosis cells?

Answer 6

Genetically identical vs genetically unique

Question 7

A kangaroo has 16 chromosomes in its somatic cells, how many would be in its sperm or egg?

Answer 7

8

Question 8

Mitosis is the division of __________ cells.

Answer 8

somatic cells

Question 9

True or false, oogenesis can be completed in as little as 2-3 months?

Answer 9

False

Question 10

During what phase does crossing over occur?

Answer 10

Prophase 1

Question 11

At which stage of meiosis do sister chromatids separate and become chromosomes?

Answer 11

Anaphase 2

Question 12

During what phase is the cell making copies of its organelles?

Answer 12

Interphase

Question 13

Meiosis occurs in the______ in males and in________ in females.

Answer 13

Testes and ovaries

Question 14

What method of cellular division do prokaryotes use?

Answer 14

Binary fission

Question 15

What do kinetochores do?

Answer 15

“eat” centromeres allowing spindle fibers to separate and pull chromatids to the poles

Question 16

True or false, at the end of meiosis in males, only 1 of the 4 sperm cells created is viable.

Answer 16

FALSE

Question 17

The lining up of homologous chromosomes during prophase 1 of meiosis is called what?

Answer 17

Synapsis

Question 18

The process of homologous chromosomes exchanging genetic information is known as what?

Answer 18

Crossing over

Question 19

The randomness in which homologous chromosomes line up during synapsis is called what?

Answer 19

Independent Assortment

Question 20

What begins to form between the new cells during telophase?

Answer 20

Cleavage furrow

Question 21

A cell with 2 of each kind of chromosome is called?

Answer 21

Diploid

Question 22

A cell with 1 of each chromosome is called?

Answer 22

Haploid

Question 23

Sperm and egg cells are called what?

Answer 23

Gametes

Question 24

What is the name of the cell created at conception when sperm and egg cells become one cell?

Answer 24

Zygote

Question 25

All cells besides sex cells are called?

Answer 25

Autosomes

Question 26

True or false, at the end of mitosis haploid cells can be formed?

Answer 26

False

Question 27

Where in the body are somatic cells found?

Answer 27

Everywhere

Question 28

True or false, at the end of meiosis you have created 4 genetically identical cells?

Answer 28

False

Question 29

What is the sex of a human who’s 23rd chromosome pair is XX?

Answer 29

Female

Question 30

What is the process called when a sperm and an egg come together?

Answer 30

Sexual reproduction or fertilization

Question 31

During what phase is DNA replicated?

Answer 31

Interphase

Question 32

In plant cells, what is the name of the cleavage furrow that eventually develops into a cell wall?

Answer 32

Cell plate

Question 33

During what phase do chromosomes turn back into chromatin?

Answer 33

Telophase/cytokinesis