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term 3 sci > bio test jun 9 > Flashcards

bio test jun 9 Flashcards

1
Q

what are plants?

A

producers

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2
Q

algae vs plants

A

algae live in water, are unicellular and have no roots, leaves, flowers

plants are multicellular and have roots, leaves flowers

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3
Q

why are plants and algae called producers

A

they use energy from the sun to produce glucose, a type of sugar

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4
Q

glucose is used to

A

help plants grow
absorb nutrients from soil

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5
Q

steps of photosynthesis

A
  1. water enters plant
  2. water travels up from roots to the stem to the leaves
  3. Co2 enters leaf cells
    4.CO2 and water enter chloroplast within leaves
    5.CO2 & water react in the presence of light and chlorophyll to give glucose and oxygen
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6
Q

word equation photosynthesis

A

sunlight
Carbon dioxide+water–> glucose+oxygen
chlorophyll

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7
Q

chemical equation photosynthesis

A

6CO2+6H2O–>C6H12O6+6O2

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8
Q

chlorophyll

A

a green pigment found in palisade cells that absorbs sunlight

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9
Q

where does photosynthesis happen

A

chloroplasts in palisade cells in leaves

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10
Q

diffusion

A

when substances move from high concentrated place to a low concentrated place

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11
Q

features of leaves + how it aids photosynthesis

A

Broad flat leaves: This gives a larger surface area to absorb as much light as possible

veins: transports water, minerals, sugar

Chloroplasts: contains chlorophyll to absorb sunlight

Waxy Layer: To stop water loss from leaf

Thin: Quick diffusion of gases like CO2

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12
Q

what is the leaf of a plant

A

an organ. its function is to photosynthesise.

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13
Q

structure of a leaf

A

Waxy layer (cuticle)
Palisade layer (palisade cells)
spongy layer
stomata

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14
Q

palisade layer

A

cells containing lots of chloroplast with chlorophyll for absorbing sunlight for photosynthesis. the layer is closer to the sun near the top of the leaf

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15
Q

spongy mesophyll

A

air spaces allow gases to move and be exchanged

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16
Q

why would it be disadvantageous if a leaf was thick

A

because CO2 diffusion would not be as efficient

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17
Q

stomata

A

tiny holes found on the bottom surface of the leaf. Lets gases in lets water & oxygen out.

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18
Q

how are minerals taken in

A

they are dissolved into water in the soil and are taken in by the roots

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19
Q

when do you say a plant is deficient

A

when a plant doesn’t have enough minerals

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20
Q

nitrogen and magnesium

A

-nitrogen and magnesium help plants make chlorophyll –if deficient leaves turn yellow
-photosynthesis happens slower.

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21
Q

phospherous

A

-found in every living plant cell
-used for energy transfer, photosynthesis
-acidic fruit

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22
Q

potassium

A

-needed in cytoplasm of plant cell
-symptoms of deficiency: yellopw leaves

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23
Q

what are minerals absorbed by

A

roots and root hair cells

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24
Q

Respiration

A

process hat releases energy using glucose. it is a continuous process carried out by all living organism

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25
Q

aerobic respiration helps us

A

-contract our muscles to move
-helps us build molecules so we grow
-warms us up

26
Q

aerobic respiration word equation

A

Oxygen+glucose–> Carbon dioxide+water+(energy)

27
Q

Aerobic respiration (symbol equation)

A

O2+C6H12O6–>CO2+H2O

28
Q

Where does Aerobic happen

A

The mitochondria. There are enzymes in them that are important for respiration

29
Q

How is glucose transported

A

Dissolved in blood and travels around body

30
Q

Anaerobic respiration purpose

A

When aerobic runs out , aerobic respiration can be used

31
Q

Anaerobic respiration disadvantage

A

Anaerobic respiration is very inefficient.it produces much less energy.

32
Q

Lactic acid

A

Lactic acid is the product of anaerobic respiration. It is a toxic acid that crystallises in the muscle and causes pain and fatigue.

33
Q

Anaerobic chemical equation

A

Glucose-> lactic acid+(energy)

34
Q

Where does anaerobic respiration happen

A

Cytoplasm

35
Q

Why do muscle cells have a lot of mitochondria?

A

Because they carry out more aerobic respiration

36
Q

Anaerobic respiration

A

Gives us energy ✨️faster✨️ that aerobic respiration not more energy

37
Q

Anaerobic vs Aerobic

A

Anaerobic-

-happens in chtoplasm
-efficient-more energy produced
-no oxygen

Aerobic

-Happens in mitochondria
-inefficient
-oxygen

38
Q

Anaerobic respiration (fermentation)
word equation

A

Glucose-> Carbon dioxide+Ethanol+(energy)

39
Q

What role does carbon dioxide play in making of bread

A

Makes bread rise. Ethanol evaporates.

40
Q

Oxygen debt

A

The oxygen that is necessary to break down lactic acid.

41
Q

Somilarities aerobic and anaerobic

A

Produces energy
In animals and plants
Uses glucose

42
Q

Yeast

A

Important fungus in food production
Needed to make bread beer and wine

43
Q

What does yeast do in the production of bread

A

Yeast uses up glucose and produces ethanol (this evaporates), carbondioxide (this makes bread rise) .

44
Q

Food chain

A

Diagram that shows what an organism consumes. It shows the transfer of energy between organism.

45
Q

Features of foodchains

A

Tertiary consumer: top carnivore
Secondary consumer: carnivore
Primary consumer: herbivore/omni
Producer: producer

46
Q

Do all food chains have three links?

A

Mostly three or four because as energy transfers along food chain some of the glucose is lost into surrounded. Which means at the end of the chain, there is going to be less glucose.

47
Q

Food web

A

Set of food chains

48
Q

Interdependence

A

When organisms are reliant on eachother for survival

49
Q

Population

A

Number of plants or animals of the same type that live in the same area.

The population size of one organism has a direct effect to another organism

50
Q

Bioaccumulation

A

Harmful chemicals can accumulate in the body of an animal due to the tranfer of them throughout food chain

51
Q

The decrease in producer population

A

Has a direct affect on every organism

52
Q

Ecosystem

A

Name given to plants and animals in a particular location.

53
Q

Community

A

The organisms inban ecosystem

54
Q

Habitat

A

The area organisms live in

55
Q

The ____ is a pond

A

Habitat

56
Q

The _____ is the water plants, microorganism,fish

A

Habitat

57
Q

The organisms in a community _____

A

Coexist

58
Q

Niche

A

-a particular role it has or a place an organism lives in

59
Q

Example of a niche

A

The hawk in an oak tree ecosystem can have its main purpose to scavenge and is in the leaf canopy area.

60
Q

Guard cell

A

Opens stomata during day and closes it at night

61
Q

Why can organisms coexist

A

Because they have different niches

term 3 sci (3 decks)

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