Bio Topic 12 Flashcards
Give 7 uses of energy in the body
-protein synthesis
-muscle contraction
-cell division
-active transport
-growth
-nervous transmission
-maintaining a constant internal environment (temp)
What is respiration
Enzyme controlled chemical reactions that break down glucose and release energy
Define aerobic respiration
Chemical reactions in cells that use oxygen to break down nutrient molecules to release energy
What is the word equation for aerobic respiration?
Glucose + Oxygen —> Carbon dioxide + Water (+ energy)
What is the symbol equation for aerobic respiration?
C6H12O6 + 6O2 → 6CO2 + 6H2O (+energy)
Define anaerobic respiration
Chemical reactions in cells that break down nutrient molecules to release energy without using oxygen
Write the word equation for anaerobic respiration in muscle cells
glucose -› lactic acid (+ energy)
Write the word equation for anaerobic respiration in yeast?
glucose -› alcohol + carbon dioxide (+ energy)
Write the balanced symbol equation for anaerobic respiration in yeast
C^6 H^12 O^6 ⟶ 2C^2 H^5 OH + 2C O^2
Which type of respiration produces more energy?
Aerobic
What builds up in muscles during periods of vigorous exercise?
Lactic acid
How is oxygen debt removed from the body?
-breathing rate remains high (to provide oxygen)
-heart rate remains high (to transport lactic acid in blood from muscles to liver)
-in liver, lactic acid is broken down to CO2 & H2O
-using aerobic respiration
What happens to the heart and breathing rate immediately after exercise?
They both remain high to increase the rate of aerobic respiration to remove the lactic acid in the liver
Uses of yeast anaerobic respiration
Bread making (CO2 causes dough to rise)
Brewing (ethanol gives beer its alcohol + CO2 its frizz)
Define oxygen debt
Amount of extra oxygen your body muscles need to get rid of lactic acid
