bio unit 3 cellular respiration and enzymes

Question 1

biological catalysts

Answer 1

speed up biochemical reactions

Question 2

what controls enzyme function?

Answer 2

environment, concentration of enzymes & substrates, cofactors & coenzymes

Question 3

optimal state

Answer 3

favorite pH + temperature of an enzyme, works best here

Question 4

cofactors

Answer 4

not organic

Question 5

coenzymes

Answer 5

organic

Question 6

feedback inhibition

Answer 6

when products of an enzyme’s reaction become an inhibitor

Question 7

enzyme complex

Answer 7

2 or more enzymes that work together

Question 8

function of enzyme complex

Answer 8

is switched on & off based on assembly of the parts/complex

Question 9

definition cellular respiration

Answer 9

the process of breaking down glucose, which creates ATP as a byproduct, occurs in mitochondria

Question 10

what goes into cellular respiration

Answer 10

glucose (C6H12O6), 6O2

Question 11

what comes out of cellular respiration

Answer 11

6 CO2, 6 H2O, 38 ATP

Question 12

ATP

Answer 12

adenine triphosphate, nucleic acid, adenine (N base), ribose (sugar), phosphates

Question 13

ADP

Answer 13

occurs when ATP loses a phosphate

Question 14

NAD/NADH

Answer 14

nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide, derived from Niacin, coenzyme

Question 15

coenzyme of NAD

Answer 15

carries electrons as H+, binds to an H+, becomes NADH

Question 16

FAD/FADH

Answer 16

flavin adenine dinucleotide, coenzyme (carries 2 electrons H2), derived from riboflann

Question 17

riboflann

Answer 17

vitamin B3

Question 18

order of 4 processes in cellular respiration

Answer 18

1. glycolysis
2. pyruvate oxidation
3. Kreb’s Cycle / citric acid cycle
4. electron transport chain

Question 19

what goes into glycolysis

Answer 19

glucose, 2 NAD, 2 ATP

Question 20

what comes out of glycolysis

Answer 20

pyruvic acid, 2 NADH (both acid and nad stay in system), 4 ATP

Question 21

whats special about glycolysis

Answer 21

occurs in cytosol; only spot where energy goes in, is spent, and then made; very few outputs, all things in glycolysis stay in body

Question 22

what goes in to pyruvate oxidation

Answer 22

2 pyruvic acid, NAD+

Question 23

what comes out of pyruvate oxidation

Answer 23

2 acetyl coA, 2 CO2, 2 NADH

Question 24

what goes in to Krebs Cycle

Answer 24

2 acetyl coA, 6NAD+, 2FAD+

Question 25

what comes out of Krebs Cycle

Answer 25

4CO2, 6NADH, 2 FADH2, 2ATP

Question 26

facts about Krebs Cycle

Answer 26

by the end of krebs all glucose is broken down, carbons released, but not a lot of ATP has been produced (cell resp 1/2 done)

Question 27

what goes into ETC

Answer 27

NADH, FADH2, 6O2, ADP + P

Question 28

what comes out of ETC

Answer 28

NAD+, FAD+, h2o, 24 ATP / glucose molecules

Question 29

anaerobic

Answer 29

can survive w/o O2 (glycolysis, fermentation)

Question 30

aerobic

Answer 30

needs O2 (pyruvate, Krebs, ETC)

Question 31

2 ways cells can make ATP w/o O2

Answer 31

Anerobic Cellular Respiration and Fermentation

Question 32

anaerobic cell respi

Answer 32

in some bacteria and archea that live in low O2 environments, use electron receptors that don't need o2

Question 33

fermentation

Answer 33

maintains glycolysis as the ATP producing process, converts NADH to NAD to keep glycolysis going

Question 34

what does fermentation create

Answer 34

lactic acid, ethanol CO2, acetic acid

Question 35

photosynthesis

Answer 35

converts light energy into chemical energy (light, co2, h2o -- glucose and 6o2)

Question 36

thylakoid

Answer 36

membraneous disk

Question 37

granum

Answer 37

stack of thylakoids

Question 38

lumen

Answer 38

space inside thylakoids

Question 39

stroma

Answer 39

solution surrounding thylakoids