BIO102

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95

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nou.edu.ng

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3.0 MAIN CONTENT

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3.1 Classifications of Living Organisms

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More than 1.8 million kinds of living organisms have been examined

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and described. There

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are still many more to be discovered and

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described

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therefore

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identifying and naming them.

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Aristotle (384-322 BC) a Greek

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philosopher

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was the first to make an

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attempt to classify living

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The present method of classifying and naming living

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organisms is based on the work of Linnaeus (1707-1778)

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a Swedish

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naturalist. The study of the general principle of classification is known

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as taxonomy or systematic.

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Hierarchy of Living Organisms

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Kingdom has the largest group of organisms. Each kingdom is split into

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smaller groups

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and these groups into even smaller groups and so on.

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The arrangement of living organisms in this hierarchy from the highest

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Kingdom

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Phylum or Division (Plants)

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Class

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Order

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Class

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Genus

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Species

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2

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BIO 102

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II

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INTRODUCTION TO GENERAL BIOLOGY

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As we go down (fig 1.1) the variety of organisms decreases.

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kingdom has the largest variety of organisms.

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They have certain

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important features in common but show many differences. The species

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is the smallest unit of Classification. They are identical in general

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appearance. They can mate with one another and produce fertile

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offspring. Organisms within a species are very closely related.

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3.1.1 Binomial Nomenclature

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Download complete

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BIO 102 MAIN.pdf

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