Bio107-ch4lab6 Flashcards
(58 cards)
0
Q
Four primary tissues
A
- Epithelium
- Connective tissues
- Muscle tissues
- Nervous tissues
1
Q
Histology
A
Study of tissues
2
Q
Epithelium
A
Linings and coverings
3
Q
Connective tissues
A
Connect, support, transport
4
Q
Muscle tissues
A
Contract
5
Q
Nervous tissues
A
Transmit information
6
Q
Tissues are classified by
A
Layers and cell shapes
7
Q
Layers
A
Simple or stratified
8
Q
Cell shapes
A
Squamous, cuboidal, columnar
9
Q
Order for writing out tissues
A
- Layer
- Shape
- Tissue type
10
Q
Characteristics of epithelium
A
- Forms a covering or lining for the body, or organs, or body cavities
- Avascular- thin, no blood supply
11
Q
Cell junctions (3 types)
A
- Tight junctions
- Gap junctions
- Desmosomes
12
Q
Simple squamous epithelium
Description, function, location
A
- Single layer of flattened cells
- Allows materials to pass by diffusion and filtration
- Air sac of lungs, heart, blood vessels, lining of ventral body cavity
13
Q
Simple squamous epithelium form
A
Serous membranes
14
Q
Two types of serous membranes
A
- Mesothelium- visceral and parietal
2. Endothelium
15
Q
Visceral ____ organs
A
Covers organs
16
Q
Parietal ___ cavities
A
Lines cavities
17
Q
Endothelium
A
Lines blood vessels
18
Q
Simple cuboidal epithelium
Description, function, location
A
- Single layer of cube like cells in circular clusters
- Secretion and absorption
- Kidney
19
Q
Simple columnar epithelium (non-ciliated)
Description, function, location
A
- Single layer of tall cells with oval nucleus
- Absorption and secretion of mucus and other substances
- Digestive tract
20
Q
Columnar epithelial often contain
A
Goblet cells (mucus-secreting)
21
Q
Pseudostratisfied columnar epithelium- ciliated
Description, function, location
A
- single layer of cells differing in heights with cilia on outside
- Secretes mucous
- Respiratory tract (smoking kills the cilia in lungs)
22
Q
Stratified squamous epithelium
Description, function, location
A
- Thick membrane composed of several cell layers
- Protects underlying tissues
- Nonkeratinized- mouth, vagina
Keratinized- skin
23
Q
Keratin
A
Waxy coating, coats skin so our cells don’t disintegrate in water
24
Stratified cuboidal epithelium
| Description, function, location
1. Two layers of cube like cells
2. Protection
3. Ducts of sweat glands
25
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Transitional epithelium
(Description, function, location)
```
1. A mix of cuboidal and columnar cells
2. To stretch
3. Ureters, bladder, urethra
26
2 types of glands
1. Exocrine glands
| 2. Endocrine glands
27
Exocrine glands
Have ducts that secrete products OUTSIDE
Products: sweat, oil, wax, milk, mucus
28
Goblet cells secrete
Mucus
| Exocrine glands
29
Endocrine glands
DUCTLESS, secretes products directly INTO the blood stream
Secretes hormones
30
EXOcrine modes of secretion (3)
1. Merocrine/Eccrine secretion
2. Apocrine secretion
3. Holocine secretion
31
Mecrocrine / Eccrine secretion
Products are thin (not viscous), diffuse through cell membrane
Sweaty palms, forehead sweat
32
Apocrine secretions
Products slightly viscous, exocytosis expels product
Mammary glands, musk glands, armpit, groin
33
Holocrine secretions
Product very viscous, cell membrane ruptures
Oils and waxes
34
Sebaceous glands secrete
Oil
35
Ceruminous glands secrete
Wax
36
Vascular means
Ability to get blood, can rebuild tissues if damaged
37
Avascular
Tissue has no blood supply
38
Mesenchyme
Stem cells that can become anything
39
Characteristics of connective tissues
1. Connect, support, transport, or supply nutrients
2. Vascular
3. Cells attached by tight junctions
40
Cells of areolar connective tissue
1. Fibroblasts
2. Macrophage
3. Plasma cells
4. Mast cells
5. Adipose cells
6. Red blood cells
7. White blood cells
41
Fibroblasts secrete
Collagen, elastin
Skin, tendons
42
Macrophages
Engulf large particles, cells, or diseases
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Plasma cells produce
Antibodies
| "Lymphocytes"
44
Mast cells secrete
Histamine (vasodilator) and heparin (anticoagulant)
45
Adipose cells
Large storage vacuole containing lipids
46
Areolar connective tissue (loose)
| Description, function, location
1. "Yarn ball" stringy looking
2. Wraps and cushions organs, important role in inflammation
3. Under epithelia, packages organs, surrounds capillaries
47
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Adipose tissues (loose connective)
(Description, function, location)
```
1. Looks like giant marshmallows
2. Insulates, protects, and supports organs
3. Under skin - hypodermis
48
Reticular connective tissues (loose)
| Description, function, location
1. Looks like cherry blossom tree or grapes
2. Immune functions
3. Lymph nodes, bone marrow, spleen
49
Dense regular connective tissue
| Description, function, location
1. Purple loose wavy
2. Attaches muscles to bone, bone to bone, and muscles to muscle
3. Tendons, ligaments
50
Dense irregular connective tissue
| Description, function, location
1. Jumbled waves, looks like muscle or meat
2. Withstands tension, structural strength
3. Capsules of joints
51
Elastic connective tissue
| Description, function, location
1. Tight waves, compact
2. Recoil of tissue and stretching
3. Large arteries, bladder
52
CARTILAGE: Hyaline cartilage
| Description, function, location
1. Cells with a white glow, round ish
2. Supports and cushions
3. Embryonic skeleton, covers ends of long bones, forms costal cartilage of ribs, nose, trachea, larynx
53
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Elastic cartilage
(Description, function, location)
```
1. Cells with a white glow but more elastic fibers
2. Maintains shape of structure, flexible
3. External ear, epiglottis
54
Fibrocartilage
| Description, function, location
1. Blue and purple wavy
2. Strength and absorbs shock
3. Intervertebral discs, pubic symphysis, discs of knee joint
55
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Compact bone (Osseous tissue)
(Description, function, location)
```
1. Tree stump with rings
2. Supports and protects, stores calcium, site of hematopoiesis
3. Bones
NOT ON LAB EXAM
56
Hematopoiesis
Blood cell formation
57
Blood
| Description, function, location
1. Circular, RBC and WBC in fluid matrix
2. Transports gases, nutrients, wastes to and from cells and tissues
3. Within blood vessels, arteries, capillaries
NOT ON LAB EXAM
