Bio20- Digestive System

Question 1

Ingestion

Answer 1

Eating or drinking.

Question 2

Mechanical vs chemical digestion

Answer 2

Mechanical breaks food down physically (chewing), chemical uses enzymes to break it down.

Question 3

Absorption

Answer 3

Nutrients from food enter the blood.

Question 4

Egestion

Answer 4

Removing waste (poop).

Question 5

Bolus

Answer 5

A chewed-up ball of food.

Question 6

Saliva

Answer 6

Liquid in the mouth that starts digestion.

Question 7

Peristalsis/reverse peristalsis

Answer 7

Muscle movements that push food through the digestive system (reverse = vomiting).

Question 8

Hydrochloric acid

Answer 8

Stomach acid that helps break down food.

Question 9

Chyme

Answer 9

Liquid food in the stomach after digestion.

Question 10

Gastric Juice

Answer 10

Stomach secretions that help digestion.

Question 11

Sodium Bicarbonate

Answer 11

Neutralizes stomach acid in the small intestine.

Question 12

Bile

Answer 12

Breaks down fats; made by the liver, stored in the gallbladder.

Question 13

Feces

Answer 13

Solid waste (poop).

Question 14

Flatus

Answer 14

Gas (fart).

Question 15

Gastroenterologist

Answer 15

A doctor specializing in digestion.

Question 16

Endoscopy

Answer 16

A tube with a camera used to look inside the digestive tract.

Question 17

Colonscopy

Answer 17

A camera test for the large intestine.

Question 18

Ulcer

Answer 18

A sore in the stomach or intestine.
Cause by a bacteria called helicobactor pylori

Question 19

Helicobactor pylori

Answer 19

Bacteria that cause stomach ulcers

Question 20

Crohn’s Disease

Answer 20

Chronic inflammation of the digestive tract.

Question 21

Colitis

Answer 21

Inflammation of the colon.

Question 22

Colorectal cancer

Answer 22

Cancer of the colon or rectum.

Question 23

Dysentery

Answer 23

Severe diarrhea with blood.

Question 24

Cholera

Answer 24

A disease causing severe diarrhea.

Question 25

Giardia

Answer 25

A parasite that causes diarrhea.

Question 26

Hepatitis

Answer 26

Liver inflammation (caused by viruses, alcohol, etc.).

Question 27

Cirrhosis

Answer 27

Liver damage from long-term disease or alcohol use.

Question 28

Gallstones

Answer 28

Hard deposits in the gallbladder. (Sometimes cholesterol can precipitate out of the bile and form crystals. These can continue to grow in size and become gallstones)

Question 29

Anorexia Nervosa

Answer 29

Eating disorder with extreme weight loss.

Question 30

Obesity

Answer 30

Being very overweight.

Question 31

Gi Tract

Answer 31

The path food takes from mouth to anus.

Question 32

Oral Cavity

Answer 32

The mouth.

Question 33

Pharynx

Answer 33

The throat; connects mouth and esophagus.

Question 34

Epiglottis

Answer 34

Flap that prevents food from entering the airway.

Question 35

Esophagus

Answer 35

Tube that moves food to the stomach.

Question 36

Cardiac sphincter

Answer 36

Muscle at the stomach entrance that prevents acid from going up.

Question 37

Stomach

Answer 37

Organ that digests food with acid and enzymes.

Question 38

Rugae

Answer 38

Folds in the stomach that help expansion.

Question 39

Parietal cells

Answer 39

Stomach cells that make acid.

Question 40

Peptic/ Chief Cells

Answer 40

Stomach cells that make digestive enzymes.

Question 41

Mucous Cells

Answer 41

Cells that make mucus to protect the stomach.

Question 42

Pyloric sphincter

Answer 42

Muscle that controls food leaving the stomach.

Question 43

Small Intestine (duodenum, jejunum, ileum)

Answer 43

Absorbs nutrients; has three parts (duodenum, jejunum, ileum).

Question 44

Liver

Answer 44

Makes bile and cleans toxins.

Question 45

Gall bladder

Answer 45

Stores bile.

Question 46

Bile duct

Answer 46

Carries bile to the small intestine.

Question 47

Villi/Microvilli

Answer 47

Tiny structures in the small intestine that absorb nutrients.

Question 48

Large intestine (colon)

Answer 48

Absorbs water and forms poop.

Question 49

Caecum

Answer 49

A pouch at the start of the large intestine.

Question 50

Appendix

Answer 50

A small tube attached to the caecum; has no major function.

Question 51

Rectum

Answer 51

Stores poop before it leaves the body.

Question 52

Anal Canal

Answer 52

The last part of the digestive tract where poop exits.

Question 53

Anal sphincter (outer and inner)

Answer 53

Muscles that control when you poop.

Question 54

Anus

Answer 54

The opening where poop leaves the body.

Question 55

Salivary amylase

Answer 55

Breaks down starch in the mouth.

Question 56

Proteases

Answer 56

Enzymes that break down proteins.

Question 57

Pepsinogen/ pepsin

Answer 57

Pepsinogen turns into pepsin, which digests proteins in the stomach.

Question 58

Trypsinogen/ Trypsin

Answer 58

Trypsinogen becomes trypsin, which helps digest proteins in the small intestine.

Question 59

Chymotrypsinogen / Chymostrypsin

Answer 59

Helps break down proteins in the small intestine.

Question 60

Erepsin

Answer 60

Breaks down protein fragments into amino acids.

Question 61

Enterokinase

Answer 61

Activates trypsinogen to turn into trypsin.

Question 62

Pancreatic Amylase

Answer 62

Breaks down starch into sugar in the small intestine.

Question 63

Lipases

Answer 63

Break down fats into fatty acids.

Question 64

Nucleuses

Answer 64

Break down DNA and RNA.

Question 65

Carbohydrates

Answer 65

Break down carbohydrates into simple sugars.

Question 66

Sucrase

Answer 66

Breaks down sucrose (table sugar).

Question 67

Maltase

Answer 67

Breaks down maltose (a type of sugar).

Question 68

Lactase

Answer 68

Breaks down lactose (milk sugar).

Question 69

Nucleosidases

Answer 69

Help break down nucleic acids (DNA/RNA).

Question 70

Gastrin

Answer 70

Tells the stomach to release acid.

Question 71

Secretin

Answer 71

Tells the pancreas to release bicarbonate to neutralize acid.

Question 72

CCK (Cholechystokinin)

Answer 72

Stimulates bile release to break down fats.

Question 73

GIP (Gastric inhibitory Peptide)

Answer 73

Slows down digestion to control food movement.