BIOC 01 Flashcards
(45 cards)
What type of bond has a shared pair of electrons?
Covalent
What involves a transfer of electrons to form + and - ions that attract each other because of opposite charges?
Ionic Interactions
What kind of bond is slight electrostatic attraction between a covalently bonded H( with a partial positive charge) and another electronegative atom?
Hydrogen
What involves exclusion of non-polar structures by a network of polar structures?
Hydrophobic effect
What is the attraction between electron cloud of one atom and positively charged nucleus of another atom; also, repulsion between electron clouds of two atoms?
Van der Waals Interaction
What is the correct order of bond strengths?
Covalent>Ionic Interactions>Hydrogen>Van der Waals Interaction
What atom does a hydrogen need to be covalently linked to in order to form a hydrogen bond? What is the hydrogen attracted to in another or same molecule?
Electronegative atom, such as N or O
How many atoms does it take to make a hydrogen bond?
3 atoms
Why are hydrogen bonds important?
Essential for proteins to adopt their structures, they are essential for enzymes to bind to substrates, hold DNA double helix together
Why is the hydrophobic effect important?
Key driving force in protein folding. Amino acid side chains can be hydrophilic or hydrophobic. Proteins fold so that as many hydrophobic side chains as possible are buried in the center. New proteins can be created using this criterion.
What are the four most common elements in the human body?
Oxygen, Carbon, Hydrogen, Nitrogen
What’s so special about carbon?
4 outer shell electrons, readily donates or accepts electrons, can form single, double, or triple bonds, can form many kinds of chains, can exist in different oxidation states.
What is a redox reaction?
A process in which one or more electrons are transferred, as a result the number of electrons assigned to individual atoms in various reactants change.
What is oxidation? What is reduction?
Oxidation is the loss of one or more electrons, reduction is the gain of one or more electrons.
OIL(oxidation is loss)RIG(reduction is gain)
What is a reducing agent? What is an oxidizing agent?
The substance that gives up an electron and causes reduction is reducing agent. Substance that gains and electron and causes oxidation is oxidizing agent.
What is respiration?
The process of breathing and using oxygen for the many biological redox reactions that provide the energy that living organisms need. Energy is released from food molecules slowly and in complex, multistep pathways, but the overall result is similar to a combustion reaction.
Question 1 https://docs.google.com/document/d/1DBFZ8gxxOg72W5jI3-4pYJ-7dtqM2xBaLQ2eybL73k4/edit?tab=t.0
C1 - +3 C2 - -2 C5 - -1 C8 - -3
Why do we care about redox reactions in terms of BIOC 3022?
Redox reactions typically release energy. Cells are the main way of capturing energy from food. All of metabolism involves carbon redox reactions. Energy is stored in food as reduced carbon. Catabolism releases energy by moving carbon atoms to a higher oxidation state. Anabolism builds larger molecules by reducing carbon.
Question 2
https://docs.google.com/document/d/1DBFZ8gxxOg72W5jI3-4pYJ-7dtqM2xBaLQ2eybL73k4/edit?tab=t.0
- Oxidation reaction 2. Redox, C1 is oxidized, C2 is reduced. 3. Oxidation Reaction
What is an RH group?
Alkane
What is a R2C=CR group?
Alkene
What is a RC≡CR group?
Alkyne
What is an ROH group?
Alcohol
What is a RNH2 group?
Amine
