BIOC1010-QALLCSV Flashcards
(500 cards)
Define microbiology
The study of microorganisms which are not visible to the naked eye (
What size is the Tobacco Necrosis Satellite Virus?
17nm
Order from smallest to largest (with sizes): Influenza, Pox, Tobacco Necrosis Satellite, Polio
Tobacco Necrosis Satellite (17nm), Polio (28nm), Influenza (100nm), Pox (200nm) —> all viruses
What things are shared between macrobes and protists in the eukaryote class?
Fungi and Algae occur in both classes
What technique do we use to sequence a phylogenetic tree?
16S Ribosomal RNA sequencing
What is a phylogenetic tree?
Branching diagram showing inferred evolutionary relationships among biological species
How many bacteria are estimated to be present in a lecture theatre and what biomass would they have?
10^16 bacteria, weigh only 100kg
What is a difference in biodiversity between microbes and macrobes?
Microbes all appear very similar but have very different phylogeny, macrobes appear very different but stem from the same branch of a phylogenetic tree
What is the size difference between prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells?
Prokaryotic: 1-2micrometers, Eukaryotic: 30-100micrometers
What are the key differences between prokaryotes and eukaryotes in their packaging of the DNA genome?
E: Linear, protein-like chromosomes attached to microtubules and packaged in nucleus. P: Aggregated DNA mass (Nucleoid), circular plasmids, no; nuclear membrane, chromosomes, mitosis/meiosis, microtubules
What is an example of a eukaryotic and prokaryotic cell?
E: Saccharomyces Cerevisae (yeast), P: Heliobacterium Modesticaldum
Why is Gemmata obscuriglobis an exception to the norm?
It is a planctomycete (prokaryote) with a nuclear envelope surrounding its nucleoid
What is Chlamydomonas and how big is it?
Green algae found in stagnant water, 10micrometers long - ion channels activated by light
What are the difference in genome complexity between eukaryotes and prokaryotes?
E: larger (10-10,000MBp), more protein coding genes (6,000-40,000), P: smaller, circular (2-10MBp), fewer protein coding genes (1,000-5,000)
How many protein coding genes are then in eukaryotes and prokaryotes?
E: 6,000-40,000. P: 1,000-5,000
What is different between organelles in prokaryotes and eukaryotes?
Prokaryotes have no organelles! Although occasionally have internal membrane systems with specialised functions
What organelles are (almost) universal in a eukaryote?
Mitochondria
Which organelles are present only in plants/algae/protists?
Plastids (along with many others…)
Where does respiration occur in a prokaryote?
In the plasma membrane
Where does aerobic respiration occur in Saccharomyces cerevisiae?
On the inner membrane of the mitochondria is where ATP synthesis and aerobic respiration occurs
Are chloroplasts present in prokaryotes? And what is their function?
Absent in prokaryotes, they are the site of photosynthesis
Which 3 processes occur during photosynthesis?
Light absorption, O2 evolution, CO2 fixation
What are the latin and common names for 3 photosynthetic cells?
Chlamydomonas (Green single cell algae), Spirogyra (filamentous green algae), Plagiomnium (moss)
What is an example of a bacteria with a specialised internal membrane system (latin and normal names)?
Synechocystis sp. - cyanobacterium