Biochem 3: Integration Of Metabolism

Question 1

Overweight BMI is defined as a BMI of ____

Answer 1

Greater than 25

Question 2

Obesity is defined as having a BMI of_______

Answer 2

Greater than 30

Question 3

T/F

Obesity is a risk factor for diabetes, hypertension, cardiovascular disease, cancer and neruodegeneratvie disorders

Answer 3

True

Question 4

What are two short term signals form the GI tract to induce satiety?

Answer 4

1. CCK (cholecystokinin)

2. GLP-1

Question 5

What family does CCK belong to?

Answer 5

Peptide hormones secreted into blood by cells in the duodenum and jejunum regions of the small intestine

Question 6

How are CCK secreted into the blood?

Answer 6

Via a postprandial signal

Question 7

What is CCk’s receptor?

Answer 7

G-protein-coupled receptor located in various peripheral neurons

Question 8

T/F

CCK also helps in digestion, stimulating secretion of pancreatic enzymes and bile salts from gallbladder?

Answer 8

True

Question 9

What is GLP-1?

Answer 9

Peptide hormone

Question 10

How is GLP-1 secreted?

Answer 10

By intestinal L cells in GI tract

Question 11

What is GLP-1’s receptor?

Answer 11

G-protein-coupled receptor

Question 12

What does GLIP-1 do?

Answer 12

Potentiates glucose induced insulin secretion by beta cells of pancreas and inhibits glucagon secretion

Question 13

This peptide is short term and secreted by the stomach. It acts on regions of the hypothalamus to stimulate appetite through its receptor?

Answer 13

Ghrelin

Question 14

T/F

Ghrelin secretion increases before a meal and decreases afterward

Answer 14

True

Question 15

What are two long term control over caloric homeostasis?

Answer 15

1. Leptin

2. Insulin

Question 16

Secreted by adipocytes (reports on the status of the triacylglycerol stores)

Answer 16

Leptin

Question 17

Secreted by beta cells of pancreas (reports on the status of blood glucose)

Answer 17

Insulin

Question 18

What are the secrete signal molecules for Leptin called?

Answer 18

Adipokines ( Leptin, adiponectin)

Question 19

How much Leptin is secreted?

Answer 19

Directly proportional to amount of fat

Question 20

This increases the sensitivity of muscle and liver to insulin, stimulates beta oxidation of fatty acids and decreases triacylglycerol synthesis

Answer 20

Leptin

Question 21

In the brain, Leptin binds to ________

Answer 21

Accurate nucleus of hypothalamus

Question 22

What neurons active appetite?

Answer 22

Neuropeptide Y (NPY)
Agouti-related peptide (AgRP)

Question 23

This hormone represses the desire to eat by preventing the release of NPY & AgRP

Answer 23

Leptin

Question 24

What is defined as the cellular energy sensor?

Answer 24

AMPK

Question 25

What two hormones use AMPK

Answer 25

Leptin and adiponectin

Question 26

When ATP is high, AMPK is ________

Answer 26

Inactive

Question 27

T/F | Insulin deficiency or resistance can lead to hyperglycemia, metabolic syndrome, and diabetes

Answer 27

True

Question 28

What is the insulting receptor?

Answer 28

Tyrosine kinase receptor

Question 29

1. PI3k & IRS1 bind to convert pip2 into pip3 2. Pip3 phosphorylated kinases AKt (PKB) What transporter does akt bring to the surface and what does it inhibit?

Answer 29

GLUT4 | Inhibits glycogen synthase

Question 30

What are 3 ways to control the insulin signal?

Answer 30

1. Dephosphoylyate the tyrosine phosphatase IB 2. PTEN, dephosphoylates PIP3 3. IRS phosphorylated by ser/the kinases.

Question 31

What do SOCS do?

Answer 31

Interact with insulin receptor and IRS 1 and facilitate their proteolytic degradation by the proteasome complex

Question 32

Glucose is over produced by the liver and underutilized by other organs

Answer 32

Diabetes mellitus

Question 33

What is the most common metabolic disease in the world?

Answer 33

Type 2 diabetes

Question 34

A cluster of pathologies (insulin resistance ,hyperglycemia, dyslipidemia) that proceeds type 2 diabetes. What is it?

Answer 34

Metabolic syndrome

Question 35

What tissues accumulates fat once the storage capacity is reached?

Answer 35

Liver and muscles