Biochem

Question 1

What is the induced fit model

Answer 1

model that assumes that enzymes have a flexible conformation.

Question 2

What is a haloenzyme

Answer 2

a protein that requires a nonprotein cofactor to work.

Haloenzyme= apoenzyme + cofactor.

Question 3

Enzymes that catalyze a redox reaction are called

Answer 3

Oxidoreductases

Question 4

Enzymes that transfer a functional group are called

Answer 4

Transferases

Question 5

Enzymes that cause hydrolisis reactions are called

Answer 5

Hydrolases

Question 6

Enzymes that break C-O, C-C or C-N bonds

Answer 6

Lyases

Question 7

enzymes that transfer high energy phosphates

Answer 7

Kinases

Question 8

Enzymes that rearrange functional groups

Answer 8

Isomerases

Question 9

Enzymes that join two molecules

Answer 9

Ligases

Question 10

What is Km

Answer 10

The Michaelis constant.

numerically equal to the substrate concentration that gives half maximal velocity.

Question 11

For most enzymatic reaction what is the value of Km

Answer 11

Bn 10^-1 and 10^-6 M.

Question 12

What is the name of the Michaelis-Menten eq written as an equation of a line.

Answer 12

Lineweaver-Burk equation.

Question 13

How are Vmax and Km affected by a competitive inhibitor

Answer 13

Vmax; remains the same

Km; increases, because of needed increase in [S]

Question 14

How are Vmax and Km affected by a non-competitive inhibitor and an irreversible inhibitor

Answer 14

Vmax; decreases
Km is unchanged
For an irreversible inhibitor the changes are permanent.

Question 15

What is the name of enzymatically inactive precursors of proteolytic enzymes

Answer 15

Zymogens

Question 16

What are the three subunits of a G-protein

Answer 16

Alpha
Beta
Gamma

Question 17

What are four fat soluble vitamins

Answer 17

A
D
E
K

Question 18

What disease can cause Vit D excess

Answer 18

Sarcoidosis

Question 19

What is the most toxic vitamin

Answer 19

Vitamin D

“D for danger”

Question 20

What is the active form of vitamin D

Answer 20

1,25-dihydroxycholecalciferon

Question 21

Deficiencies in vit B can cause

Answer 21

Dermatitis
Glossitis
Diarrhea

Question 22

What is wet beri-beri

Answer 22

high output cardiac failure; leads to edema

Question 23

What is dry beri-beri

Answer 23

Problems in the PNS, leading to progressive paralysis and muscle waisting.
Presents as polyneuritis.

Question 24

What is Wernicke-Korsakoff syndrome

Answer 24

problems in CNS leading to ataxia, memory loss and confusion.

Question 25

Vit BI deficiency can lead to

Answer 25

Wet or dry beri-beri | Wernicke-Korsakoff

Question 26

α amylase converts

Answer 26

starch to oligosaccharides

Question 27

What converts maltose to dextrins

Answer 27

ß amylase

Question 28

what converts starch to glucose

Answer 28

glucamylase

Question 29

what is another name for salivary amylase

Answer 29

ptyalin. | secreted by Parotid gland (PTyalin= ParoTid)

Question 30

What are two α amylase examples

Answer 30

salivary amylase Pancreatic amylase -they only break starches into smaller components (oligosaccharides) but not individual sugars.

Question 31

Glut-1

Answer 31

Present in most cells. | Glucose transport into RBCs and through BBB

Question 32

Glut-2

Answer 32

Liver and pancreatic cells

Question 33

Glut-3

Answer 33

Main transporter in neurons

Question 34

Glut-4

Answer 34

Muscle and adipose tissue. | -regulated by insulin

Question 35

Glut-5

Answer 35

Transports fructose into testis and intestines

Question 36

What are three ways to make ATP

Answer 36

Substrate level Phosphorylation. Oxidative phosphorylation Photophosphorylation

Question 37

What are the three irreversible enzymes in glycolysis

Answer 37

Hexokinase PFK-1; Phosphofructokinase-1 Pyruvate Kinase