biochem Flashcards
(87 cards)
1
Q
thymidine kinase
A
thymidine + ATP –> TMP +ADP
2
Q
Carbamoyl phosphate 1
A
NH3++ 2atp+ co2–>carbamoyl phosphate+2adp +h2o
3
Q
ASAT
A
aspartate+a-KG–>OAA+ glu
4
Q
Homocysteine mehyl transferse
A
SAM +methyl acceptor —> SAH methyl donor
5
Q
regulation of PFK-1
A
A: AMP, F- 2,6BP
I: Citrate, ATP
6
Q
Hormones stimulating pfk-1
A
Insulin, glycogen which regulates PFK-2
7
Q
disease of LDL-receptor deficiency
A
Familial hypercholesterolemia
8
Q
3 ways to control cholesterol
A
Statins, inhibit HMG-coA reductase
Insig
decrease of LDL-receptor
9
Q
Coenzyme for B-oxidation
A
FAD, NAD
10
Q
A.A forming carnitine
A
lysine
11
Q
Glutamin synthease
A
glu + nh3+ +ATP —> Gln+ADP
12
Q
cytidine kinase
A
cytidine + ATP –> CMP +ADP
13
Q
glycogen phosphorylase
A
glycogen—>g-1-p
cofactor: PLP
14
Q
Mc ardle disease
A
Muscle glycogen phosphorylase defect
15
Q
aminiolevulinate dehydratse
ALA dehydratase
A
2ALA—>phorphobilinogen4 + 2*H2O
16
Q
hyperhomocystenemia
A
high level of homocysteine.
deficiency in cystathionine b-syntease
17
Q
lipoprotein lipase
A
found in capilarries
APO-cII as cofactor
TAG–> FFA
18
Q
diabetes milletus type 2 symptoms
A
polyuria, polyphagia
19
Q
gln donor for
A
PRPP+gln–>pra-5 phosphoribosyl-amine +glu
gln Prpp amidotransferase
20
Q
heme made from
A
succinyl coa and glycine
21
Q
gluconeogenesis start from
A
pyruvate
22
Q
succynyl coa made from?
A
methionine
23
Q
rate limiting step of purine synthesis
A
ribose-5-p +ATP–> AMP+PRPP
enzyme: ribosephosphokinase
24
Q
dihydro-orotase
A
carbamoyl-Asp–>dihydro-orate + h2o
25
n atom of urea comes from
arginine
26
LCAT
free cholesterol ---> cholesteryl ester
| location
27
ACAT
acetyl-coA+ Acetyl-coA---> Acetoacetyl-coa
28
carnitine deficiency
hypoglycemia
fatty liver
fatigue
29
number of isoforms of COX?
two cox-1, cox-2
30
prodction acetoacetate
in mitochondria of liver
31
intravenous fructose
can lead to lactic acidosis
32
aldosterone deficiency
your kidneys will excrete too much salt, and it leads to low blood pressure; low blood volume
33
what accumulates if ornithine transcarbamoylase deficient?
carbamoyl phosphate
| ornithine
34
what accumulates if arginosuccinate lyase deficient?
arginosuccinate
35
tyrosine hydroxylase
tyrosine---> Acetoacetate
a-kg--->fumarate+glu, co2
PLP
36
histidine---> histamine + co2 enzyme?
histidine decarboxylase
37
ribose-5 phosphate + ATP---> AMP+ PRPP
ribosephosphate pyrophosphokinase
38
CETP
exchanges triglycerides of VLDL against cholesteryl esters of HDL
39
rate limiting reaction in urea cycle
carbamoyl phosphate syntease 1
nh4+, co2 + 2* ATP---->carbamoylphosphate + 2adp + h20
40
enzymes making atp in glycolysos
pyuvate kinase, phosphoglycerate kinase
41
enzymes using atp
hexokinase/glucokinase
| PFK-1
42
amino acid in purine synthesis
gln-->glu
| glycine
43
amino acid of histamine
histidine
44
where is LDL produced? what is the precursor?
precursor: IDL, priduced in:liver
45
content of hdl3
TAG, cholesterol esters
46
apoprotein of ldl
B-100
47
prothetic group of thyroxine oh-lase
PLP
48
aspartate carbamoyltransferase
carbamoyl phosphate+ asp---> carbamoyl- ASP
49
coenzyme for methyl malolyn mutase
Coenzyme; Vit B12.
50
galactosemia type 1
def of: phosphate uridyl transferase
51
orotic aciduria
UMP synthease deficiency
52
formation of citrulline
carbamoyl phosphate + ornithine---> citruline + P
| ornithine transcarbamyolase
53
Which are the common cofactors required by both α-ketoglutarate dehydrogenase and pyruvate dehydrogenase?
```
Enzymes:
E1: Pyruvate decarboxylase
E2: Dihydroxylipoamide transferase
E3: Dihydroxylipoamide dehydrogenase
5 Cofactors:
- Thiamine pyrophosphate (E1)
- Lipoic acid + CoASH (E2)
- FAD and NAD (E3)
```
54
malonyl coa
inhibits beta oxidation by inhibiting carnitine acyltransferase,
55
acidosis
ureacycle decreases
56
symptoms of ldl- deficiency
high bloodcholesterol
| hardening arteries
57
arginase
arginine+h20--->ornithine + NH4+
58
N-acetyl glutamate synthease
acetyl-coA + glu----> N-acetyl-glutamic acid + coA
59
glutamate dh
glutamate+ NAD---> a-KG +NADH
| A-KG + NADP---> glu + NADPH + NH4+
60
methionine adenosyl transferase
methionine+ ATP--> SAM + pp
61
Which reaction is catalysed by the UDP-glucose pyrophosphorylase?
Glucose-1-P + Uridine Triphosphate -> Uridine Di phosphate-Glucose + PPi
62
What is the reaction with aspartate catalyzed by aminotransferase, what is the cofactor.
What is the reaction with aspartate catalyzed by aminotransferase, what is the cofactor..
63
Glutaminase
Glutamine + H2O Glutamate + NH4+.
64
Which reaction does UMP synthase catalyze, and which cofactors are used
Orotidine monophosphate Uridine monophosphate + CO2
65
Enzyme related to Andersen disease:
amylo-1,4-1,6-transglucosidase.
66
Name the substrate and product of pyruvate dehydrogenase complex.
Substrate: Pyruvate + NAD+ + HSCoA
Product: Acetyl-CoA + NADH + CO2
67
What is the effect of PP1 (protein phosphatase 1) in glycogen metabolism
Glycogen synthase De-P (A)
| Glycogen phosphorylase De-P (I)
68
What kind of nucleotide binding site does muscle glycogen phosphorylase have?
AMP
69
Which are the most important gluconeogenic precursors?
Lactate, glycerol, amino
70
Adenine phosphoribosyl transferase APRT
Adenine + PRPP -->AMP + PPi
71
Adenylosuccinate lyase
Adenosuccinate --->Fumarate + AMP
72
Adenylosuccinate synthetase
IMP + Aspartate + GTP ---> Adenylocuccinate + GDP + Pi
73
GMP synthase
XMP+GLN+ATP+H2O ---> GMP + GLU + AMP + PPi
74
What coenzyme is needed in the formation of acetoacetate from 3-hydroxybutyrate
NAD+
75
AMP/adenylate deaminase full reaction
AMP --->IMP + NH4
76
Full reaction for any two 5`nucleotidases
GMP Guanosine + Pi
| IMP inosine + Pi
77
UMP synthase full reaction
Orotate + PRPP UMP + PPi + CO2
78
Serine dehydratase full reaction
Serine --->Pyruvate + NH4
| PLP
79
Threonine dehydratase full reaction
Threonine Alpha-Ketobutyrate + NH4+
| PLP
80
Which component (or fat, cant remember) can you find in HDL2 and not HDL3
Apo CII
| Apo E
81
What are the enzymes that yield NADH in the TCA?
isocitrate dehydrogenase
a-ketoglutarate dehydrogenase
malate dehydrogenase.
82
What happens to fatty acids in the intestine lumen.
LCFA – taken up via chylomicrons
| MCFA – directly absorbed
83
What enzyme in FA synthesis reduces NADPH
B-ketoacyl reductase
| Enoyl reductase
84
How many ATP can be made from the citric acid cycle?
10
85
What is the substrate, product and coenzyme of IMP dehydrogenase
IMP + NAD + H2O Xanthosine momophosphate + NADH + H+
86
Position of OH group in primary bile acids
Cholic acid: hydroxyl at 3alpha, 7alphha and 12alpha position
Chenodeoxycholic acid: at 3, 7
87
What is the major protein for LDL?
Apo B-100
