Biochem Flashcards
1
Q
fat soluable vitamins
A
A,D,E K
2
Q
B complex deciencies SX
A
dermatitis, glossitis, diarrhea
3
Q
function of Vit A
A
eyes - found in liver and leafy green veg
4
Q
low Vit A
A
night blindness and dry skin
5
Q
vit OD that can cause bad birth defects
A
A (retin-A)
6
Q
thiamine/B1 function
A
cofactor for several metabolic reactions
7
Q
thiamine/B1 deficiency
A
wernicke-korsakoff
dry/wet beri-beri
low ATP from impaired glucose breakdown
8
Q
wernicke-korsokoff
A
confusion, blindness, ataxia, confabulation (damage to mamillary bodies)
9
Q
dry beri-beri
A
polyneuritis, symmetrical muscle wasting
10
Q
wet beri-beri
A
high output cardiac failure, edema
11
Q
B2/riboflavin function
A
cofactor in oxidation and reduction
12
Q
B3/niacin decienciy
A
pellegra (diarreha, dementia, dermititis)
13
Q
B2/riboflavin deficiency
A
cheiliosis, corneal vascularization
14
Q
vit B6/prydoxine function
A
cofactor in transamination, used to synthsize NTs
15
Q
vit B6/prydoxine deficney
A
convulsions, hyperirritibility, peripheral neuropathy, sideroblastic anemias
16
Q
B9/folic acid function
A
converted to THF - needed for nitrogenous bases in DNA (found in leafy green veg - FOLiage)
17
Q
B9/folate deficiency
A
macrocytic, megaloblastic anemia w/o neuro sx - birth defects
18
Q
drugs that can cause folate deficincy
A
phenytoin, sulfanomanides, MTX
19
Q
cobalmin/B12 function
A
transfers methyl groups
20
Q
B12 decifncy causes
A
macrocytic, megaloblastic anemia with neuro sx. - can be irreversable with time
21
Q
casues of B12 deficicncy
A
malabsorption, lack of IF (pernicous anemia) or lack of terminal ilium
22
Q
vitamin C use
A
antiox, keeps Fe reduced for absorption, collegen synth, needed to convert dopamine to NE
23
Q
vit c deficncy
A
scurvy, immune response weakaning
24
Q
Vit D use
A
intestinal absorption of Ca and phopshate
25
Vit D deficncy
ricketts/osteomalacia, tetany
26
storage form of D
25-OH
27
active form of D
1.25-OH (calcitrol)
28
vit E function
antioxidant, protects RBCs and membranes from free radical damage
29
E deficency
hemolytic anemia, muscle weakness, spinocerebellar tract demylination
30
Vit K function
coagulation (factors 2, 7, 9, 10 and proteins C and S)
31
Vitamin K used for ____ OD
warfarin
32
can cause vit K defciency
just being born, use of broad spectrum antibiotics,
33
antidote for methanol/ethyline glycol
fomepizole (inhibits alchohol dehydrogenase)
34
drug that makes you sick after drinking EtOH
disulfram (inhibits acetaldehyde dehydrgenase)
35
how EtOH can cause hypoglycemia
increaes NADH/NAD+ ratio in liver - causing diversion of pyruvate to lactate - inhibts gluconeogenesis and syimulates fatty acid synthesis
36
malnutrition with edema and fatty liver (kid with swollen belly)
kwashikor (kwashi is squishy) - protein malnutrition
37
malnutrition with muscle wasting
marasmus (energy malnutrition)
38
processes in mitochondria
fatty acid oxidation
acytl-CoA priduction
TCA cycle
ox phos
39
processes in cytoplasm
```
glycolysis
fatty acid sythesis
HMP shunt
protein synthesis
cholesterol synthesis
```
40
processes in both cytoplasm and mitochondria
Heme synth, urea cycle, gluconeogenesis
41
rate determining enzyme in glycolosis
PFK-1
42
rate determining enzyme in gluconeogenesis
fructose-1,6-bisphoshatase
43
rate determining enzyme in TCA
isocitrate dehydrogenase
44
rate determining enzyme in glycogen sythesis
glycogen synthase
45
rate determining enzyme in in glycogenolysis
glycogen phosphorylase
46
rate determining enzyme in n HMP shunt
G6PD
47
rate determining enzyme in in de novo pyrimidine synth
carbamoyl phosphate synthetase
48
rate determining enzyme in in de novo purine synth
glutamine PRPP amidotransferase
49
rate determining enzyme in in Urea cycle
carbamoyl phosphate synthetase I
50
rate determining enzyme in fatty acid synth
acythl-CoA carboxylase
51
fattyacid oxidation
carnitibe acyltransferase I
52
ketogenises
HMG-CoA syththase
53
cholersterol synthesis
HMG-CoA Reductase
54
aerobic metabolism produces how many ATP from one glucose
32 (30 in heart/liver)
55
anaerobic metabolism produces how many ATP from one glucose
2
56
glucokinase found in
liver and pancreas B cells
57
function of hexokinase
at low glucose concentrations - sequesters glucose in tissue
| at high glucose concentrations - stores glucose in liver
58
arsenic causes
inhibition of lipoc acid. sx are vomiting, rice water stools and garlic breath
59
purely ketogenic amino acids
lysine and leucine
60
pyruvate dehydrogenase deficency results in
lactic acidocis - (X linked) causes neuro deficits - treat with high fat and lysine/leucine
61
ox/phos electron transport inhibitors
rotenone, cyanide, antimycin A, CO
62
ox/phos synthase inhibitors
oligomycin
63
uncouples ATP production from electron transport
2.4.DNP, aspirin, thermogenin (brown fat)
64
gluconeogenesis irrevisble enzymes
pyruvate carboxylase
PEP carboxylase
fructose 1.6. bisphosphatase
G6P
65
G6PD effects on blood
heinz bodies
bite Cells
(X linked)
66
can bring on G6PD sx
fava beans, sulfonamides, primaquine, anti-TB drugs, infections
67
causes fructose intolerance
deficnecy of aldolase B
68
hypoglycemia, jaundice, cirrosis, vomitingle
fructose intolerance
69
infantile cateracts, may lack social smile and/or can;t tract pbjects
galactokinase deficency
70
failure to thrive, jaundice, hepatomegaly, infantile cataracts, MR
galactosemia (lack of galactose-1-phosphate uridyltransferase)
71
purley glucogenic essential Amino acids
met Val His
72
sx of amnomia intox
tremor (flapping hands) slurring, somnolence, vomiting, cerebreal edema, blurring vision
73
most common urea cycle disorder
orthithine transcarbamoylase deficneicy
74
products of phenylanaline
thyroxine, melanin, dopamine, NE, Epi
75
products of tryptphan
NAD/NADP, sertonin, melatonin
76
products of histadine
histamine
77
products f glycine
Heme
78
products of arginine
creatine, urea, Nitric oxide
79
produces of Glu
GABA, glutathione
80
MR, growth delay, seziures, fair skin, musty odor
PKU
81
effect on kid of maternal PKU
microencepphaly, MR, slow growth, congenital Heart defects
82
black urine, srthralgias, dark tissues, brown schlera
alkapatonuria
83
results in albinism
lack if tyrosiase or defective tyrosine transporters
or lack of migration of neural crest cells
84
MR, osteoporosis, tall stature, lens down and in, CVD
homocystinuria
85
can cause renal staghorn calculi
cystinuria
86
causes maple syrup urine dx
blocked degradation of branched amino acids (Ile, Leu, Val)
87
severe fasting hypoglycemia, high blood lactate, lots of glycogen in liver, hepatomegaly
type I/ von greirke's dx (lack of glucose 6 phosphate)
88
cardiomegaly and early death
type II/ pompe's dx (lack of acid maltase)
89
high glycogen in muscle, painful muscle cramps with excersize, myogloburina with exerise
type V/Mcardle's (lack of skeletal muscle glycogen phophorlyse)
90
peripherl neuropathym angiokeratomas, CV/renal dx
fabry's (lack of a-galactosidase) (XR)
91
hepatosplenomagaly, aseptic necrosis of femur, crumpled tissue macrophages
gaucher's (lack of glucocerbrosidase)
| most common lysosomal storage dx
92
pregressive neurodegeneration, hepatomegaly, cherry red macula, foam cells
neimann-pick (lack of sphingomylase)
93
preoressive neurodegeneration or mental delay, cherrt red maculam lysosomes with onion skin NO HEPATOMAGALY
tay-sachs (lack of hexominadase A)
94
peripheral neuropathy, developmenal delay, optic atrophy, globoid cells
Krabbe's dx (Lack of galactocerebrosidase)
95
develomental delays, gargoylism, airway obstruction, corneal clouding, hepatosplenomagaly
hurler's (a-l-iduronidase)
96
mild hurler's with agressive behaviort and normal eyes
hunter's (idorunate sulfatase deficncy) - XR
97
causes inability to transport LCFAs into mitochondria
carnitine deficnency
98
MOA of statins
inhibit HMG-CoA reductase (RLS of cholesterol syntheis)
99
degrated dietaryTG in SI
pancreatic Lipase
100
degrades TG stpred in adipose
hormone sensitive lipase
101
binds LDL receptor
B-100
102
catylazes esterification of cholesterol
LCAT
103
delivers diertary TG ti peripheral tissue
chylomicron
104
delivers hepatic cholesterol to peripheral tissue
LDL
105
familal hypercholesterolemia findings
high LDL and cholesterol - causes early MI and AVD
106
failure to thrivem steatorrhea, acanthocytosis, ataxia, night blidnness
abetalipoproteinamia (low chylomicron and VLDL synth and secretion)
MTP gene mutation
