BIOCHEM SEC 2 Flashcards
(76 cards)
1
Q
Essential Amino Acids (9)
A
“PVT TIM HaLL”
- Phenylalanine
- Valine
- Threonina
- Triptofano
- Isoleucina
- Metionina
- Leucina
- Lysine
2
Q
Glucogenic/Ketogenic Amino Acids (4)
A
Isoleucine
Phenylalanine
Treonina
Tryptophan
3
Q
Ketogenic Amino Acid(2)
A
Lysine
Leucine
“the onLY pureLY ketogenic amino acid”
4
Q
Acid Amino Acids (2)
A
Aspartic Acid
Glutamic Acid
5
Q
Basic Amino Acids (3)
A
“His Lies Are basic”
- Histidine
- Lysine
- Arginine
6
Q
Most basic Amino Acid
A
Arginine
7
Q
Amino acids require during the formation period
A
Arginine and histidine
8
Q
____________ are linear structure proteins
A
primary
9
Q
_____ involves the arrangements of the amino acids in alpha helices and beta sheets
A
Secondary
10
Q
_________ includes a 3 dimensional shape of a folded protein
A
tertiary structure
11
Q
_____ is the arrangement of polypeptides subunits in a protein structure that has more than 1 polypeptide chain
A
quaternary egg. hemoglobin
12
Q
A2 B2
A
Normal hemoglobin
13
Q
A2 Y2
A
Fetal hemoglobin
14
Q
A2 Bs2
A
Sickel - cell hemoglobin
15
Q
Desaturated hemoglobin
A
T1.. Tense form
low oxygen affinity
16
Q
Saturated hemoglobin
A
R1..relaxed form
high oxygen affinity
17
Q
Leftward shift hemoglobin-oxygen graph (3)
A
Decreased CO2
Alkalosis
Decreased 2,3 - BPG
18
Q
Rightward shift hemoglobin-oxygen graph (6)
A
CO2 H+ Acidosis Exercise Temperature Increased 2,3 BPG
19
Q
Vitamin A deficiency
A
- Night blindness (nyctalopia)
- dry scaly skin
- Corneal degeneration metaplasia (keratomalacia)
- Inmnunosupresion
20
Q
Vitamin B1 deficiency
A
Muscle weakness
anergia
21
Q
Vitamin B1
A
Thiamine
22
Q
Vitamin C
A
Ascorbic Acid
23
Q
Vitamin c deficiency
A
Bleeding Gums
Prolonged wound healing
(IMPROVES FE+ ABSORCION -> Improves anemia)
24
Q
Vitamin B7
A
Biotin
25
Vitamin B7 deficiency
Alopecia
| Dermatitis
26
Vitamin B3 deficiency
Pellagra
Demencia
Diarrea
Dermatitis
27
Vitamin B3
Niacin
28
Vitamin B6 deficiency
Seizures
Sideroblastic anemia
Neuropatia ** B6 es un importante factor en la formacion de GABA.
29
______ importante factor en la formacion de GABA
Pyridoxine (vitamina B6)
30
Iodine Deficiency
Goiter
| Mental disability in children
31
Essential fructosuria is caused by
Deficiency in Fructokinase
| HR
32
Envelope - shaped crystals
Calcium Oxalate
33
The deficit in both vitamins cause Megaloblastic Anemia
Vitamin B9
| Vitamin B12
34
Smaller Amino Acid
Glycine
35
Flexible Amino Acid
Prolina
36
El KM y la afinidad por el sustrato son___
Indirectamente Proporcionales
37
Las Kinasas usan como cofactores_______ y _____
Magnesium
| ATP
38
Todo proceso de liberacion vesicular utiliza que elemento?
CALCIO
39
Structural abnormalities are usually inherited as
Dominant
40
Enzymatic abnormalities are usually inherited as
Recessive
41
ATP7P
Wilson's Disease
42
ATP7
Menke's Disease
43
Most common inherited cause of intellectual disability
X fragil syndrome
44
Due to a frameshift mutation causing deleted Dystrophin
Duchenne muscle dystrophy
| DMD- dystrophin gene
45
- Pseudohypertrophy of calf muscles due to fibrofatty replacement.
- Weakness begins from the pelvic muscles and progress superiorly
- Dilated cardiomyopathy is a common cause of death
Duchenne
*** loss of dystrophin -> myonecrosis (high CK and aldolase)
46
The patient uses upper extremities to help stand up
Gowers sign - duchenne
47
Less severe than Duchene
| Due to non-frameshift deletions in the dystrophin gene
Becker's
48
Precursor to leukotrienes and prostaglandins
Arachidonic acid
49
Metabolites have a cardioprotective and antihyperlipidemic effects
Linoleic Acid (omega 3)
50
Fat Soluble vitamins
```
A
D
E
K
Absorption dependent on ilium and pancreas.
```
51
Malabsorption syndromes with steatorrhea (eg cystic fibrosis and celiac disease) or mineral oil intake can cause____
fat-soluble vitamins deficiency
52
B12 is stored in
liver for 3-4 y
53
B9 is stored in
Liver for 3-4 m
54
Vitamin A
retinol,retinal,retinoic acid
55
Vitamin A is essential for_______
normal differentiation of epithelial cells into specialized tissue (pancreatic,mucus-secreting cells)
56
Used topically for wrinkles and acne
Retinol (vitamin A)
| -Isotretinoin (severe cystic acne)
57
All-trans retinoic acid to treat______
Acute promyelocytic leukemia
58
Vitamin A excess
* acute toxicity: nausea,vomiting, increased ICP (vertigo,blurred vision)
* Chronic toxicity: alopecia,dry skin
59
Vitamin B1
thaimine
60
Thiamine (b1) is a cofactor for (4)
dehydrogenase enzyme reaction "Be APT"
- Branched-chain ketoacid dehydrogenase
- alpha ketoglutarate dehydrogenase (TCA cycle)
- Pyruvate dehydrogenase (links glycolisis to TCA)
- Transketolasa (HMP shunt)
61
Vitamin B1 Deficit
Impaired glucose breakdown -> ATP depletion worsened by glucose infusion (highly aerobic tissue are affected first)
62
In patients with chronic alcoholism or malnutrition give ________ before ________ to decrease the risk of Wernicke encephalophagy.
thiamine // dextrose
63
Wernicke encephalopathy diagnosis is made by ______
Increased RBC's transketolase activity following vitamin B1 administration
64
Vitamin B1 disorders (5)
1. Wernicke encephalopathy
2. Korsakoff syndrome
3. Wernicke-Korsakoff
4. Dry beriberi
5. Wet beriberi
65
Confusion, Ophthalmoplegia, Nystagmus, Ataxia.
| Acute, reversible life-threatening condition.
Wernicke encephalopathy
66
Due to chronic alcohol abuse // patient presents with confabulation, personality disorder, and memory loss (permanent)
Korsakoff Syndrome
67
Damage to the medial dorsal nucleus and mamillary bodies due to B1 deficit
Wernicke-Korsakoff syndrome
68
Polyneuropathy, symmetric muscle wasting due to B1 deficit
Dry beri beri
69
High-output cardiac failure (dilated cardiomyopathy) edema due to lack of B1
wet beri beri
70
- Cheiliosis (inflammation of lips, scaling, and fissures at the corners of the mouth)
- "magenta" tongue
- Corneal vascularization
deficit of Vitamin B2
71
Vitamin B3
Niacin,nicotinic acid
72
Constituent of NAD+ and NADPH+ (used in redox reactions and as cofactor by dehydrogenase)
Niacin,nicotinic acid,B3
73
Derived from tryptophan and synthesis requires vitamins B6 and B 2 and used to treat dyslipidemia (high VLDL and high HDL)
Niacin,nicotinic acid,B3
74
Antibodies against postsynaptic nicotinic acetylcholine receptors.
Myasthenia gravis
75
syndrome associated with SCLC and is caused by antibodies against Purkinje cells.
px presents with ATAXIA
Subacute cerebellar degeneration
76
Chronic respiratory symptoms (tb like) + presence of verrucous skin lesions + lytic bone lesions, along with his residence in Wisconsin
Blastomycosis
