biochem test 3

Question 1

what is the prosthetic group, enzyme and reaction at E1

Answer 1

enzyme: pyruvate dehydrogenase component
prosthetic group: TPP
reaction: oxidative decarboxylation of pyruvate

Question 2

what is the enzyme, prosthetic group and reaction at E2

Answer 2

enzyme: dihydrolipoyl transacetylase
prosthetic group: Lipoamide
reaction: Transfer of acetyl group to CoA

Question 3

what is the enzyme, prosthetic group and reaction at E3

Answer 3

enzyme: dihydrolipoyl dehydrogenase
prosthetic group: FAD
reaction: regeration of the oxidized form of lipoamide

Question 4

what is the prosthetic group for NADH-Q oxidoreductase

Answer 4

FMN

Fe-S

Question 5

what is the prosthetic group for succinate-Q reductase

Answer 5

FAD

Fe-S

Question 6

what is the prosthetic group for Q-cytochrome c oxidoreductase

Answer 6

Heme Bh
Heme Bl
Heme C1
Fe-S

Question 7

what is the prosthetic group for Cytochrome c oxidase

Answer 7

Heme a
heme a3
Cu(a) and Cu(b)

Question 8

what is the fully reduced form of ubiquinone

Answer 8

ubiquinol

Question 9

what is the simplest iron sulfur cluster

Answer 9

single iron ion tetrahedrally coordinated to SH groups of 4 Cys residues of the protein

Question 10

describe 2Fe-2S

Answer 10

2 iron ions, 2 inorganic sulfides and 4 Cys residues

Question 11

describe 4Fe-4s

Answer 11

4 iron ions, 2 inorganic sulfides and 4 cys residues

Question 12

what does frataxin do

Answer 12

synthesizes iron clusters

Question 13

what are some antioxidants in ETC

Answer 13

superoxide dismutase and catalase

Question 14

what are the 5 types of polypeptide chains in the F1 subunit of ATP synthase

Answer 14

alpha3, beta3, gamma, delta epsilon

Question 15

what part of the F1 subunit of ATP synthase is catalytically active

Answer 15

beta

Question 16

what breaks the symmetry of the 3 beta subunits in F1 subunit

Answer 16

gamma subunit

Question 17

what are the components of the exterior column of ATP synthase

Answer 17

1 a subunit, 2 b subunits, and delta subunit

Question 18

what is the role of the proton gradient in ATP synthase

Answer 18

to release to ATP from the synthase

Question 19

what conformation is favored in ATP synthase for the binding of ADP and Pi

Answer 19

L conformation

Question 20

what conformation is favored in ATP synthase for ATP synthesis

Answer 20

T conformation

Question 21

what conformation is favored for the release of ATP in ATP synthase

Answer 21

O conformation

Question 22

what residue lines in the center of the ATP synthase membrane in order to hold protons in place

Answer 22

aspartic acid

Question 23

define emulsification

Answer 23

suspension into small particles in the aqueous environment

Question 24

what is the contract of the gall bladder to release bile salts and other pancreatic enzymes stimulated by

Answer 24

cholecystokinin

Question 25

what is secretin

Answer 25

hormone released in response to acidic material and is important for regulating pH

Question 26

when pancreatic lipase digests FA, what does it form

Answer 26

FA and 2-monoacylglycerol

Question 27

what does esterase do

Answer 27

removes FA from cholesterol esters

Question 28

what does ApoE do

Answer 28

recognized by receptors on surface of liver cells allowing endocytosis

Question 29

what does ApoCII do

Answer 29

activates lipoprotein lipase present on capillary endothelial cells in muscle and adipose tissue which digests chylomicrons

Question 30

what amino acid is sphingosine derived from

Answer 30

serine

Question 31

what amino acid is histamine derived from

Answer 31

histidine

Question 32

what amino acid is thyroxine derived from

Answer 32

tyrosine

Question 33

what amino acid is epinephrine derived from

Answer 33

tyrosine

Question 34

what amino acid is serotonin derived from

Answer 34

tryptophan

Question 35

what amino acid is nicotinamide unit of NAD+ derived from

Answer 35

tryptophan

Question 36

what is nitric oxide generated from

Answer 36

arginine

Question 37

what additional compound is needed for the conversion of arginine to N-w-hydroxyarginine

Answer 37

BH4 (enzyme is nitric oxide synthase)

Question 38

what major things does glucose 6 phosphate give rise to

Answer 38

glycogen pyruvate ribose-5-phosphate

Question 39

what major things does pyruvate give rise to

Answer 39

acetyl CoA lactate alanine OA

Question 40

what major things does acetyl-CoA give rise to

Answer 40

CO2 fatty acids ketone bodies