Biochemical Chemistry Flashcards
(22 cards)
M:E ratio - 20 (20:1) PCV - 40 NCC - 36,000 Neuts - 33,000 Bands - 2,000 Monos - 1,000
How would you interpret the M:E Ratio?
Myeloid hyperplasia
M:E - 0.1 What does this mean? PCV 40 NCC 3000 Neuts 1000 Lymphs 2000
For every 1 myeloid cell, you see 10 Erythroid cells.
Decreased myeloid production (Neuts 1000)
Myeloid hypoplasia!
Calcium
bone mineralization
Activated by PTH, Vit D…
Finish slide
PTH functions…
increases serum Ca
bone resorption
activates Vit D
Calcitonin…
decreased serum Ca by inhibiting PTH
Vit D
increases Ca concentration…
Finish Slide
Serum Calcium is _____ bound to albumin and _____ in the ionized (active) form. Measuring TOTAL calcium measures_______ form(s).
Serum Calcium is 50% bound to albumin and 40% in the ionized form. Measuring TOTAL calcium measures BOTH forms.
Hypoalbuminemia…
Ca-Alb is Decreased
Absolute amount of Albumin available is decreased
Apparent Hypocalcemia
Corrected Calcium…
Total Ca - Albumin + 3.5 = Corrected Ca
Acidosis –> ______ Ionized Ca
Alkalosis –>______ Ionized Ca
Acidosis –> Increased Ionized Ca
Alkalosis –> Decreased Ionized Ca
Common causes of hypocalcemia…
renal disease: pts. may still have serum Ca within reference interval or a mild decrease ethylene glycol toxicosis pancreatitis Eclampsia Sepsis (both ionized and total Ca)
With renal disease, what compensatory mechanism occurs bc of HypoCa?
Increase in PTH –> poor bone mineralization
How does pancreatitis cause hypocalcemia?
calcification of necrotic fat in the area of the pancreas
Uncommon causes of hypocalcemia…
hypoparathyroidism Nutritional 2ndary hyperparathyroidism --> inadequate Ca intake --> inadequate Vit D --> excess Ph intestinal malabsorption Ph-containing enemas Citrate Toxicity Hypomagnesemia Massive tissue degeneration Hypercalcitonism (C-cell thyroid tumors)
Clinical signs of Hypocalcemia…
nervousness anorexia stilited gait hyperventilation numbness generalized tetany seizures death if not corrected
Common cause of hyperglycemia…
steroids…
In a dog with hypocalcemia, what do you expect the PTH levels to be?
Increased!!!
Causes of Hypercalcemia…
HyperCa of malignancy
Granulomatous inflammatory disease
renal disease (rare in small animals/common in horses)
idiopathic hypercalcemia of cats (diet?, rx pred)
Primary complaint from ppl w/ hypercalcemia…owners will report…
constipation bc lack of muscle contractility
owners report weakness
The most common cause of hypercalcemia in vet med is…
hypercalcemia of malignancy (very common in dogs)
tumors that produce PTH-RP (reported in every type of tumor there is)
PTH-RP are seen most commonly in what tumors?
idk what she said…
increased amounts of Vit D causes…
hypercalcemia
