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Biochemical Cycles Flashcards

(35 cards)

1
Q

Why are material cycles important

A

The make small quantities of material support ecosystems over the long-term

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2
Q

What is the overall change in dynamic equilibrium

A

None or minimal

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3
Q

How does human activity alter the material cycles

A

Affecting the equilibrium

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4
Q

How much energy is sunlight storing

A

Low quantities

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5
Q

How much energy are carbohydrates storing

A

High quantities (through photosynthesis)

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6
Q

What does plant respiration release (other than co2)

A

Energy for metabolic processes

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7
Q

What does aerobic respiration break down and release

A

Organic matter, releasing energy

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8
Q

What does anaerobic respiration return carbon as

A

Methane

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9
Q

What are the herbivores eating in the food web

A

Lipids, proteins and carbohydrates

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10
Q

What is fossilisation

A

Incomplete decomposition (in anaerobic conditions) creates long term carbon stores, e.g fossil fuels

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11
Q

What do corals and marine organisms exoskeletons make

A

Calcium carbonate (limestone)

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12
Q

Where is the majority of the planet’s carbon stored

A

In rocks

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13
Q

What does the combustion of forests and grass lands release

A

Co2

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14
Q

How does deforestation affect biomass

A

Reduced (less carbon movement)

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15
Q

What does marine pollution affect

A

Reduced plankton populations

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16
Q

What does the decrease in plankton cause

A
  • Less co2 absorbed
  • more marine sediment
  • ocean acidification
  • higher atmospheric carbon levels
17
Q

What is happening to algae in polar regions

A

Decreasing as the ice they grow on as melting with higher co2 levels

18
Q

What does DOM release an how

A

Co2 through bacterial and fungal respiration

19
Q

How does ploughing affect co2 levels

A
  • Increases as more oxygen is accessible for decomposes to respire and break down more DOM
  • less carbon stored in the soil (more in the atmosphere)
20
Q

What is oxidised methane

21
Q

What human activity creates anaerobic environments

A
  • paddy fields
  • landfill
  • anaerobic sediment in reservoirs
  • livestock
22
Q

What destroys anaerobic environments

A

Drainage water (for water logged fields, marshes and pear bogs)

23
Q

What has human activity created/altered

A

A new dynamic equalibrium

24
Q

What are the main processes in the carbon cycle (5)

A

Photosynthesis
Respiration
Food webs
Fossilisation
Combustion

25
What caused changes to photosynthesis ( c cycle)
Deforestation and afforestation
26
Why is changing photosynthesis relevant to the carbon cycle
Alters the carbon stored in biomass
27
What does marine pollution do to marine ecosystems
Phytoplankton declines in population so less carbon is absorbed and stored
28
Changes to aerobic respiration (c cycle)
Bacteria and fungi decomposing organic matter increases the release of carbon
29
Ploughing impacts
Increases aeration so decomposition increases- releasing more stored carbon
30
Changes to anaerobic respiration impacts
Increases release of methane which oxidises into co2
31
Human activity that increases co2 release
Rice and paddy farming Landfill sites Reservoirs Livestock intestines
32
What is human activity doing to the carbon cycle
Establishing a new dynamic equilibrium
33
What does dissolved co2 form
Hydrogen carbonate crystals and hydrogen ions (lower ph- carbonic acid)
34
Human actions that alter the carbon cycle
Synthetic fertilisers Deforestation Sewage discharge Fishing (removes marine biomass)
35