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Cell & Molecular Biology > Biochemical Reactions > Flashcards

Biochemical Reactions Flashcards

1
Q

The alteration of a protein shape through some form of external stress

A

Denaturation

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2
Q

The 4 factors that influence enzyme activity

A
  • temperature
  • pH
  • cofactors & coenzymes
  • inhibitors
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3
Q

The portion of the enzyme that is needed for proper enzymatic activity, exclusively synthesized by bacteria

A

Cofactors/Coenzymes

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4
Q

The 2 types of enzyme inhibitors

A
  • competitive inhibitor
  • non-competitive inhibitor
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5
Q

Refers to the sum of all chemical reactions in a cell or organism

A

Metabolism

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6
Q

A type of chlorophyll involved in light reactions

A

Chlorophyll a

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7
Q

A type of chlorophyll that assists in capturing light energy

A

Chlorophyll b

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8
Q

Refers to a series of reactions where the product of one reaction is consumed in the next

A

Biochemical Pathways

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9
Q

Double membrane organelles that absorb light energy

A

Chloroplasts

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10
Q

Flattened sacs in the chloroplast that contain the chlorophyll pigments

A

Thylakoids

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11
Q

Layered thylakoids inside the chloroplast

A

Grana

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12
Q

The solution around thylakoids

A

Stroma

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13
Q

The 3 components of ATP

A
  • adenine
  • ribose
  • 3 phosphate groups
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14
Q

Breaking the last phosphate bond from ATP will produce these 3 products

A
  • energy
  • ADP
  • a free phosphate group
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15
Q

A process wherein a free phosphate group can be re-attached to ADP, reforming ATP

A

Phosphorylation

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16
Q

The 3 stages of photosynthesis

A
  • light reactions
  • energy converted to chemical energy and stored in ATP & NADPH in stroma
  • Calvin cycle
17
Q

The photochemical splitting of water

A

Photolysis

18
Q

A biochemical pathway in photosynthesis that produces organic compounds using ATP and NADPH

A

Calvin Cycle

19
Q

Plants that use exclusively the Calvin Cycle (80% of plants)

A

C3 plants

20
Q

The 3 steps in Calvin Cycle

A
  1. CO2 diffuses from cytosol and combines with RuBP which splits into a part or PGA
  2. PGA gets phosphate group from ATP and gets a proton from NADPH to become PGAL
  3. PGAL converts back to RuBP
21
Q

Plants that evolved in hot, dry climates and uses both light-dependent and the Calvin Cycle (15% of plants)

A

C4 plants

22
Q

Plants that evolved in hot, dry climates. Stomates are closed during the day and open at night (5% of plants)

A

CAM plants

23
Q

The 3 factors that affect the rate of photosynthesis

A
  • light intensity
  • CO2
  • temperature

Cell & Molecular Biology (10 decks)

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