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AREA 2 > BIOCHEMISTRY > Flashcards

BIOCHEMISTRY Flashcards

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1
Q

is the study of the composition of living matter & the changes which occur in it.

A

Biochemistry

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2
Q

the science concerned with the chemical basis of life.

A

Biochemistry

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3
Q

the science concerned with the chemical constituents of living cells & with the reactions & process they undergo

A

Biochemistry

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4
Q

Study of biomolecules/ micromolecules

A

Biochemistry

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5
Q

Name the Biomolecules

A

Nucleic Acids
Carbohydrates
Lipids
Proteins

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6
Q

Give the building blocks of each biomolecules

A

Nucleic Acids - DNA, RNA
Carbohydrates - Monosaccharides
Lipids - Fatty Acids
Proteins - Amino Acids

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7
Q

Genetic material template for protein synthesis

A

Nucleic Acids

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8
Q

Usually they are the molecules of the cell that carry out work (ex:enzymes)

A

Proteins

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9
Q

Short term of energy as (glycogenstorage from of glucose)

A

Carbohydrates

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10
Q

Numerous functions (ex: membrane components of the long term storage of energy as fat)

A

Lipids

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11
Q

 basic unit of Life
 is the structural & functional unit of biology

A

Cells

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12
Q

 bilayers, composed mainly of proteins & lipids
for barrier & protection

A

Cell Membrane

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13
Q

Protein embedded outside cell membrane
receptors

A

Peripheral

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14
Q

 Protein embedded within cell membrane
 ion-channel

A

Integral

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15
Q

are structure with the specific shapes & specialized functions & are characteristic of eukaryotic cell

A

Organelles

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16
Q

 contains genetic material that manufacture nucleic acid
 control center of the cell -(genetic material found in nucleus)

A

Nucleus

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17
Q

Nucleus composed of three regions:

A

nucleolus (nucleoli)  where RNA & proteins synthesized/site of ribosome assembly
Nuclear membrane or envelope
Chromatin (Chromosomes)

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17
Q

Nucleus composed of three regions:

A

nucleolus (nucleoli)  where RNA & proteins synthesized/site of ribosome assembly
Nuclear membrane or envelope
Chromatin (Chromosomes)

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18
Q

manufacturer & shipper

A

ER

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19
Q

major function of ER

A

Glycosylation

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20
Q

a membranous network in eukaryotic
cells connecting the plasma membrane
w/ the nuclear membrane

A

ER

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21
Q

a membranous network in eukaryotic
cells connecting the plasma membrane
w/ the nuclear membrane

A

ER

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22
Q

site of acylglycerol synthesis

A

ER

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23
Q

 w/ ribosomes on its surface
 for protein synthesis w/c mostly glycosylated

A

Rough ER

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24
 w/out ribosomes on its surface  for lipid synthesis
Smooth ER
25
factory sites of Protein synthesis
Ribosomes
26
Prokayotes - __ (Sub-units: __s & __s) Eukaryotes - __ (Sub-units: __s & __s)
Prokayotes - 70S (Sub-units: 50s & 30s) Eukaryotes - 80S (Sub-units: 60s & 40s)
27
storage site/ packaging counter of the cells
Golgi Apparatus
28
attachment of CHON in CHON products
Golgi Apparatus
28
 storage of CHON - undergo modification - glycosylation
Golgi Apparatus
28
”suicide sacs” (kill or destroy foreign organisms)
Lysosomes
29
containing digestive/ hydrolytic enzymes
Lysosomes
30
Lysosomes are present only in _ cells
animal cells
31
2 types of lysosomes
Peroxisomes and Macrophages
32
A lysosome which oxidizes amino acids, fatty acids & alcohols and use molecular oxygen to detoxify harmful substances
Peroxisomes
33
A lysosomes which eat foreign maté
Macrophage
34
storage tank of the cell
Vacuole
35
an intracellular inclusion
Vacuole
36
VACUOLE in eukaryotic  surrounded by _ in prokaryotic  surrounded by _
VACUOLE in eukaryotic - surrounded by a plasma membrane in prokaryotic - surrounded by proteinaceous membrane
37
location of the ETC (Electron Transport Kreb’s Cycle)
Mitochondria
38
organ fro respiration, redox reaction, glycolysis, etc
Mitochondria
39
ATP synthesis occurs in the _ Mitochondria.
Inner
40
performs photosynthesis in photoautotrophic eukaryotes
Chloroplast
41
helpers in cell division
Cetrosome
42
involved in formation of the mitotic spindle
Cetrosome
42
CYTOPLASM ▪in prokaryotic cell: everything _ ▪in eukaryotic cell: everything i_
CYTOPLASM ▪in prokaryotic cell: everything inside the plasma membrane ▪in eukaryotic cell: everything inside the plasma membrane, & external to the nucleus
43
is the selectively permeable membrane enclosing the cytoplasm of a cell
Plasma membrane
44
where glycolysis & PPP found
Cytosol
45
fluid/ liquid portion of sytoplasm
Cytosol
46
microfilaments, intermediate filaments, & micortubules that provide support & movement for eukaryotic cytoplasm
Cytoskeleton
47
the movement of cytoplasm in a eukaryotic cell
Cytoplasmic Streaming
48
are small, extrachromosomal circular DNA molecules found in prokaryotes
Plasmid
49
carry _ genes are _ DNA molecules  are found in many types of bacteria  _ independently of the main chromosomes  *Each cell may contain several copies of plasmids
Plasmid carry optional genes are circular DNA molecules  are found in many rypes of bacteria  replicate independently of the main chromosomes  *Each cell may contain several copies of plasmids
50
are small basic proteins that participate in forming the nucleosomal structure of the chromatin
Histones
51
where fatty elongation occurs
Microsomes
52
 helps in the removal of danaged cell  contains a bactericidal agent such as lysozyme that kills bacteria before it damages the cell
Lysozyme
53
Mitosis Cell _ Meiosis Cell _
Mitosis Cell Multiplication Meiosis Cell Division
54
Mitosis _ Cells Products: Meiosis _ Cells Products:
Mitosis Somatic Cells Products:Diploid Daughter Cells contain complete set of chromosome Meiosis Sex Cells/ organelles Products: Haploid Daughter Cells  half of the total # of chromosome
55
abnormalities in # of chromosomes
Aneuploidy
56
47 chromosomes
Trisomy 21/ Down’s Syndrome/ Mongoloidss
57
Excess: XXX
 superfemale  mentally retarded  short life span
58
Excess: XXY
 Klinefelter’s syndrome (male)  biologically male but exert female –treats Ex: Gynecomastia –enlargement of the breast Hypogonadism - small testicles - Short-life span- Mentally retarded
59
 Klinefelter’s syndrome (male)  biologically male but exert female –treats Ex: Gynecomastia –enlargement of the breast Hypogonadism small testicles Short-life span Mentally retarded
60
 Klinefelter’s syndrome (male)  biologically male but exert female –treats Ex: Gynecomastia –enlargement of the breast Hypogonadism small testicles Short-life span Mentally retarded

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