Biochemistry

Question 1

1) Three subatomic particles that make up atoms

Answer 1

Proton - positive charge
Neutron - no charge
Electron - negative charge

Question 2

2) Know how to get atomic # and mass#

Answer 2

mass number = protons+neutrons
atomic number = number of protons

Question 3

3) Be able to describe the two main types of chemical bonds and what they form

Answer 3

Ionic - the electrons from one atom transfer to the other atom

Covalent - the electrons are shared between the atoms

Question 4

4) Be able to identify the difference between polar and non polar bonds and can give an example of
each

Answer 4

Non polar bonds - between two atoms that share their electrons equally (oil)

Polar bonds - two bonded atoms share electrons unequally (glucose)

Polar is oppositely charged while non polar is equally charged

Question 5

5) What is adhesion. What is cohesion?

Answer 5

Adhesion - sticks to different molecules

Cohesion - sticks to same molecules

Question 6

6) Understand why carbon is the “backbone” for most organic molecules

Answer 6

Carbon is important for living organisms, is a central element, can make 4 bonds and the bonds are stable and stronger.

Question 7

7) Be able to name all 4 classes of macromolecules / polymers and how the monomers are related to
polymers

Answer 7

carbohydrates -
proteins -
lipids -
nucleic acids -

polymers are many monomers joined together

Question 8

8) Know what monomers make up proteins

Answer 8

Amino acids

Question 9

9) Know the types of carbohydrates

Answer 9

monosaccharides
polysaccharides

Question 10

10) Define monosaccharide and polysaccharide

Answer 10

monosaccharides - simple sugars
polysaccharides - larger molecules from monosaccharides

Question 11

11) Know the structure of a nucleotide, amino acid, lipid, carbohydrate

Question 12

12) List the 5 characteristics of enzymes

Question 13

13) Name the enzyme that breaks down milk sugar

Question 14

14) Be able to describe the properties of water that make it essential to life. What is important about the
density changes?

Question 15

15) Explain why only 109 naturally occurring elements make up everything on Earth

Question 16

16) Describe exothermic and endothermic reactions

Answer 16

Exothermic - energy is released (hotter than surrounding)

Endothermic - energy is required (colder than surrounding)

Question 17

17) Know the range of the pH scale and where acids and bases go

Question 18

18) Know the products that form when an acid and base mix

Question 19

19) Be able to give an example of each of the 4 main classes of macromolecules

Question 20

20) Know the factors that affect enzyme activity

Question 21

21) Understand the “lock and key” model for enzymes

Question 22

22) Explain how an enzyme increases the rate of a reaction

Question 23

23) Understand what types of macromolecules are in certain foods

Question 24

24) Draw the 4 functional groups on pg 44

Question 25

25) Explain why hydrocarbons are not soluble in water

Question 26

26) Explain the functions for cellulose, glycogen and chitin

Question 27

27) Describe the composition of lipids