Biochemistry

Question 1

heat is supplied by the surroundings to the system of chemical reaction

Answer 1

endothermic process

Question 2

heat generated by combustion process is transferred from the system of chemical reaction to surroundings

Answer 2

exothermic process

Question 3

total energy attributed to particles of matter and their interactions within a system, composed of thermal energy and chemical energy

Answer 3

internal energy

Question 4

occurs without loss or gain of energy by heat

Answer 4

adiabatic process

Question 5

major organ controlling body temperature

Answer 5

hypothalamus

Question 6

proton acceptors

Answer 6

base

Question 7

all amino acids are chiral except for

Answer 7

glycine

Question 8

refers to an amino acid which bear no net charge at the isoelectric pH

Answer 8

zwitterion

Question 9

MSUD enzyme deficient

Answer 9

branched chain alpha keto acid dehydrogenase

Question 10

PKU enzyme deficient

Answer 10

phenylalanine hydroxylase

Question 11

precursor of phenylalanine

Answer 11

tyrosine

Question 12

largest side chain

Answer 12

tryptophan

Question 13

precursor of homocysteine and cysteine

Answer 13

methionine

Question 14

treatment for sickle cell disease

Answer 14

hydroxyurea

Question 15

most abundant protein in the body

Answer 15

collagen

Question 16

most common form of collagen

Answer 16

type I

Question 17

upward and outward dislocation of the lens

Answer 17

ectopia lentis

Question 18

downward and inward dislocation of the lens

Answer 18

homocystinuria

Question 19

seen in the urine of multiple myeloma patients

Answer 19

kappa and lambda chains (light chains)

Question 20

most abundant organic molecules in nature

Answer 20

carbohydrates

Question 21

sugar units are linked together by

Answer 21

glycosidic bonds

Question 22

excreted in the urine in essential pentosuria

Answer 22

xylulose

Question 23

nitrogenous base + pentose sugar + phosphate

Answer 23

nuclerotide

Question 24

nitrogenous base + pentose sugar

Answer 24

nucleoside

Question 25

cortisol prevents hypoglycemia during

Answer 25

stress

Question 26

glucagon prevents hypoglycemia during

Answer 26

fasting

Question 27

most abundant free nucleotide in mammalian cell

Answer 27

ATP

Question 28

chargaff's rule

Answer 28

purine = pyrimidine

Question 29

protein coding RNA

Answer 29

mRNA

Question 30

best indicator for wasting

Answer 30

weight-for-height/length

Question 31

best indicator for stunting

Answer 31

height/length-for-age

Question 32

use "length" until

Answer 32

2 years old - beyond that we use height

Question 33

strongly correlated with various metabolic and disease outcomes

Answer 33

BMI

Question 34

responsible for liver fibrosis

Answer 34

stellate cells of ito

Question 35

responsible for liver regeneration

Answer 35

oval cells

Question 36

most common vitamin deficiency worldwide

Answer 36

vitamin A

Question 37

earliest sign of vitamin A deficiency

Answer 37

loss of sensitivity to green light

Question 38

earliest symptom of vitamin A deificency

Answer 38

nyctalopia (night blindness)

Question 39

follicular hyperkeratosis

Answer 39

phrynoderma or toad skin

Question 40

acute toxicity in vitamin A

Answer 40

pseudotumor cerebri headache, vomiting, blurred vision, stupor (may be confused with brain tumor)

Question 41

biologically active form of vitamin D

Answer 41

1-25-(OH)2-cholecalciferol (calcitriol)

Question 42

inhibitor of calcium oxalate stone formation

Answer 42

nephrocalcin

Question 43

what vitamin regulates calcium and phosphorus

Answer 43

vitamin D

Question 44

major site of iron absorption

Answer 44

proximal duodenum

Question 45

necrosis of cardiac muscle fibers

Answer 45

keshan cardiomyopathy

Question 46

specialized group of proteins required for the proper folding of many species of proteins prevent aggregation of proteins

Answer 46

chaperone proteins

Question 47

what molecules regulates the allosteric enzymes

Answer 47

effectors

Question 48

major digestion in the small intestine

Answer 48

pancreatic amylase

Question 49

hydrolyzes phospholipids

Answer 49

phospholipase A2

Question 50

chromosome that contains HLA loci

Answer 50

chromosome 6

Question 51

most common form of complement deficiency worldwide

Answer 51

C2

Question 52

it is the transfer nad utilization of energy in biologic systems

Answer 52

bioenergetics