Biochemistry

Question 1

What is the difference between organic compounds and inorganic compounds?

Answer 1

Organic- has carbon, derived from living things
Inorganic- no carbon, derived from nonliving things

Question 2

Why is carbon a unique element?

Answer 2

It can create strong and stable bonds from the four valence electrons- need 8 for the octet rule

Question 3

What is a hydrocarbon?

Answer 3

The simplest organic compounds, contains only carbon and hydrogen, are single bonds

Question 4

What is an alkane?

Answer 4

Single bond

Question 5

What is an alkene?

Answer 5

Double bond

Question 6

What is an alykyne?

Answer 6

Triple bond

Question 7

Methane

Answer 7

1c

Question 8

Ethane

Answer 8

2c

Question 9

Propane

Answer 9

3c

Question 10

Butane

Answer 10

4c

Question 11

Pentane

Answer 11

5c

Question 12

Hexane

Answer 12

6c

Question 13

Heptane

Answer 13

7c

Question 14

Octane

Answer 14

8c

Question 15

Nonane

Answer 15

9c

Question 16

Decane

Answer 16

10c

Question 17

What elements constitute carbohydrates?

Answer 17

C6 H12 O6

Question 18

What is the ratio for monosaccharides?

Answer 18

1:2:1

Question 19

What are monosaccharides?

Answer 19

Simple sugars

Question 20

What are disaccharides?

Answer 20

Double sugars

Question 21

What are polysaccharides?

Answer 21

Many sugars

Question 22

Examples of monosaccharides

Answer 22

Glucose- from plants
Fructose- from fruit
Galactose- in milk

Question 23

Draw a monosaccharide

Answer 23

Hexagon with one OH bond

Question 24

Examples of disaccharides

Answer 24

Sucrose- glucose + fructose
Lactose- glucose + galactose
Maltose- glucose + glucose

Question 25

Examples of polysaccharides

Answer 25

Starch- how plants store sugar Glycogen- how animals store sugar Cellulose- how plants get strong

Question 26

Hydrolysis reaction/breakdown of a disaccharide

Answer 26

Water is split

Question 27

Condensation reaction/ formation of a disaccharide

Answer 27

Water is created

Question 28

5 properties of lipids

Answer 28

Stores long term energy Doesn't dissolve in water Makes up cell membranes Also known as fats, oils, and waxes Forms from 1 glycerol and 3 fatty acids

Question 29

One fact about each: fats, oils, and waxes

Answer 29

Fats- solids at room temp Oils- liquids at room temp Waxes- only one fatty acid

Question 30

What makes up a lipid? 1____ and 3_____

Answer 30

1 glycerol and 3 fatty acids

Question 31

Draw a glycerol molecule

Answer 31

H l H - C - OH l H - C - OH l H - C - OH l H

Question 32

Draw a fatty acid molecule

Answer 32

O H H II l l C - C - C - H l l l OH H H

Question 33

What 4 elements do proteins contain?

Answer 33

C H O N

Question 34

Proteins are made up of ______, of which there are ____ types

Answer 34

amino acids, 20

Question 35

amino group

Answer 35

N, two single bond H's

Question 36

Carboxyl group

Answer 36

C, double bond O, single bond OH

Question 37

Amino acid

Answer 37

C single bonded to both H and an R group, amino group, and carboxyl group

Question 38

R group

Answer 38

what distinguishes between different amino acids

Question 39

Protein

Answer 39

2 amino acids with a peptide bond- forms one H2O

Question 40

5 characteristics and/or functions of proteins

Answer 40

Makes up skin, hair, feathers, and horns makes up bones and muscles build and repair muscles immune defense and blood clotting act as enzymes

Question 41

Reactants

Answer 41

the elements/compounds going into a reaction

Question 42

Products

Answer 42

the elements/compounds produced by a chemical reaction

Question 43

Law of Conservation of Matter

Answer 43

Atoms cannot be created or destroyed, just rearranged

Question 44

What is the function of a catalyst?

Answer 44

it speeds up the rate of a chemical reaction

Question 45

How are Enzymes and catalysts related?

Answer 45

Enzymes are catalysts in a living organism

Question 46

How does an enzyme work?

Answer 46

Substrates bind to active site on the enzyme (lock and key), then form an ezyme-substrate complex. When the reaction is done, the products are released and the enzyme can do it again.

Question 47

What happens to the activation energy with and without enzymes?

Answer 47

With- increased energy Without- less energy

Question 48

What factors affect enzyme activity

Answer 48

Temperature pH level Salt concentration

Question 49

Icosane

Answer 49

20C

Question 50

Pentacontane

Answer 50

50C

Question 51

Hectane

Answer 51

100C