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AP Biology > Biochemistry > Flashcards

Biochemistry Flashcards

(60 cards)

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1
Q

atoms with opposite charges attract (weak bond)

A

ionic bonds

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2
Q

bonds between atoms within same H2O molecule (strong bond)

A

covalent bonds

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3
Q

pair of electrons shared equally by two atoms

A

non polar covalent

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4
Q

pair of electrons shared unequally by two atoms

A

polar covalent

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5
Q

bond between 2 H2O molecules (weak bond)

A

hydrogen bonding

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6
Q

hydrogen bonding between water molecules, water is “sticky”, creates surface tension

A

cohesion

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7
Q

hydrogen bonding between water and other substances, meniscus

A

adhesion

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8
Q

movement of water through small tubes

A

capillary action

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9
Q

polarity makes H2O a good…

A

solvent

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10
Q

substance has an attraction to H2O

A

hydrophilic

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11
Q

substance doesn’t like H2O

A

hydrophobic

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12
Q

why is it important that ice floats?

A

surface ice insulates water below so life can survive in the winter

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13
Q

H2O resists changes in temperature

A

heat capacity

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14
Q

amount of heat absorbed to vaporize water at a constant temperature

A

heat of vaporization

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15
Q

on a pH scale 0-6 is…?

A

acidic

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16
Q

oh a pH scale 7 is…?

A

neutral

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17
Q

on a pH scale 8-14 is…?

A

basic

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18
Q

organic compounds with OH= alcohols, carbohydrates

A

hydroxyl

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19
Q

O double bonded to C, proteins

A

carbonyl

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20
Q

COOH, compounds w COOH= acids (amino and fatty acids), proteins

A

carboxyl

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21
Q

NH2, amines, NH2 acts as base, proteins

A

amino

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22
Q

S bonded to H, stabilizes proteins

A

sulfhydryl

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23
Q

P bonded to 4 O (PO4), connects C to and O, nucleic acids

A

phosphate

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24
Q

smaller organic molecules join together to form larger molecules

A

macromolecules

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25
4 major classes of macromolecules
carbohydrates, lipids, proteins, nucleic acids
26
combinations of C and H
hydrocarbons
27
what properties do hydrocarbons have?
non polar and hydrophobic
28
joins monomers by taking out H2O, monomer donates OH and other monomer donates H
dehydration synthesis
29
uses H2O to breakdown polymers, opposite of dehydration synthesis, H2O is split into H and OH
hydrolysis
30
if H+ = OH water is...
neutral
31
if H+ > OH water is...
acidic
32
study of carbon compounds
organic
33
can contain hydrogen OR carbon, not both
inorganic
34
carbon backbone
carbon skeleton
35
what properties does oxygen have?
polar, hydrophilic
36
bond that holds carbs together?
glycosidic
37
bond that holds proteins together?
peptide
38
bond that holds nucleotides together?
phosphodiester
39
bond that holds lipids together?
ester
40
unfolding of a protein?
denaturation
41
conditions that disrupt denaturation?
temp, pH, salinity
42
what structures does denaturation alter?
2, 3, 4
43
name two nucleic acid polymers
DNA, RNA
44
name two nucleotides
purines, pyrimidines
45
double N ring base, adenine, guanine
purine
46
single ring N base, cytosine, thymine, uracil
pyrimidines
47
3 parts of a nucleotide?
nitrogen base (C-N ring), pentose sugar (5C) (DNA,RNA), phosphate group
48
reducing the amount of energy to start a reaction
catalysts
49
reactant which binds to enzyme
substrate
50
end result of reaction
product
51
enzymes catalytic site; substrate fits into this
active site
52
enzyme theory? specific substrate fits into specific enzyme
lock and key
53
enzyme theory? enzyme is slightly different than substrate but substrate comes in and changes its shape so they match up perfectly
induced fit
54
type of activator? non protein and organic
coenzyme
55
type of activator? non protein and inorganic
cofactor
56
what factors affect enzymes?
enzyme concentration, substrate concentration,temp, pH and salinity
57
type of inhibitor? inhibitor and substrate compete for active site
competitive inhibitor
58
type of inhibitor? inhibitor binds to site other than active site
non competitive inhibitor
59
type of inhibitor? changes shape of enzyme so it can't bind to substrate
allosteric inhibitor
60
type of inhibitor? inhibitor permanently binds to enzyme
irreversible inhibitor

AP Biology (9 decks)

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