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NBE I > Biochemistry > Flashcards

Biochemistry Flashcards

1
Q

Cereals have a low content of what amino acid

A

Lysine

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2
Q

what complex of the ETS contain copper

A

cytochrome C oxidase

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3
Q

What enzyme is controlled by inhibition and allows skeletal muscle cells to accumulate glucose

A

phosphofructokinase

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4
Q

what action occurs during the alanine cycle

A

pyruvate is converted to glucose in liver

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5
Q

what malic enzyme catalyzes amalate to malate

A

pyruvate and prondes

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6
Q

what is used in fatty acid biosynthesis

A

Acetyl-CoA

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7
Q

What food has the riches source of Vit. E

A

vegetable oil

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8
Q

Hydrolysis of amylopectin by amylase results in what end product

A

limit dextrin

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9
Q

what hormone enhances activity of glycogen phosphorylase in skeletal muscle

A

epinephrine/glucose

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10
Q

Glucose precursors are derived for all amino acids except

A

Leusine and Lysine

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11
Q

Is cholesterol a steroid

A

yes

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12
Q

What principal cards are produced by action of alpha-amylase on strach

A

maltose

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13
Q

Amino acids derived from proteins are catabolized to products which directly enter which cycle

A

the tricarboxylic acid cycle for further oxidation to CO2

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14
Q

Enzymes that catalyze the breakdown of maltose are secreted by mucosal cells of where

A

the small intestine

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15
Q

what type of fatty acid is most abundant in olive oil

A

Monounsaturated, linoleic, linolenic

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16
Q

Does a lack of lipoprotein lipase result in an increase of decrease of chilomicron

A

increase

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17
Q

How is the phosphate group of ATP linked

A

by phosphoanhydride bonds

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18
Q

How are triacylglycerols transported from intestinal cells to adipose cells

A

within chylomicrons

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19
Q

What hormone increases the rate of many metabolic processes by increasing the activity of cAMP dependent protein kinase

A

Epinephrine and glucagon

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20
Q

Dietary supplementation of therapeutic amounts of folic acid may be detrimental because it can mask what deficiency

A

B12 deficiency

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21
Q

What are simple sugars

A

dihydroxyacetate
cellulose -> polysaccaride
maltose -> polysaccaride
glycogen -> disaccaride

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22
Q

What vitamin is synthesized by intestinal flora

A

Vitamin K, B7?

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23
Q

What compound catalyzes the formation of GTp in the TCA cycle

A

Succinate Thiokinase

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24
Q

What is a characteristic of myogobin

A

single polypeptide in solution, hydrogenase -> hydrogens NADH shunting H

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25
Q

Does toxicity of most pesticides result from reversible or irreversible enzyme inhibition

A

irreversible

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26
Q

What is a C4 epimer of glucose

A

Galactose

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27
Q

Oxidation of what may result in ketone bodies

A

fatty acids

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28
Q

Is glucose an aldehyde

A

yes

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29
Q

What is a great source of omega 3 FA

A

salmon

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30
Q

Vitamin K is essential to synthesis of what substance

A

prothrombin

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31
Q

Dietary lipids are converted to _______ by pancreatic lipase

A

lipoptrotein

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32
Q

Which mineral is required for activity of most glycolytic enzymes

A

Most important is sulfer, found in B vitamins

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33
Q

Glucagon activates which enzyme in plasma membrane of hepatocytes

A

Adenylyl cyclase -> cyclic AMP

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34
Q

Bonding between fatty acids and glycerol in a 2 monoacylclycerol is best describes as what

A

Ester Linkage

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35
Q

When equilibrium constant for a reaction is equal to 1, the standard free energy charge for the reaction is..

A

-1.36
positive in Q -> negative in A
Negative in Q -> positive in A

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36
Q

In TCA, isocitrate dehydrogenase convers isocitrate to

A

alpha-ketogluterate

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37
Q

What amino acide initiates protein synthesis in humans

A

methionine

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38
Q

Which hormone affects anabolism and catabolism phases of protein metabolism

A

glucocorticoid (cortisol)

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39
Q

What is a disaccharide with B1

A

Lactose (cellulose)

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40
Q

Saturation levels of substance contained in enzyme catalyzed reaction cause progressive curve to display what

A

negative cooperativity

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41
Q

If dietary intake of tryptophan is adequate, what vitamin can by produced

A

niacin

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42
Q

What coenzyme is required for the oxidative decarboxylation process

A

thiamine pyrophosphate -> thyamine

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43
Q

Protein complementary allows vegan diets to supple sufficient amounts of what

A

essential AA

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44
Q

what catalyzes peptide bond formation during protein synthesis at ribosome

A

peptidyI transferase

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45
Q

One carbon transfers during production of purine and pyridines are directly dependent on

A

pyridoxine

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46
Q

The primary function of vitamin D is to regulate the absorption and metabolism of what

A

calcium and phosphorus

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47
Q

Cholesterol isn’t a “P” of

A

lecitin

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48
Q

what factors characterizes gout

A

purine overproduction

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49
Q

what characteristic is a spontaneous reaction

A

Gibs free energy, is negative

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50
Q

Bile acids contains carboxyl group in their side chain that is often bound in amide linkage with what

A

taurine

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51
Q

Arginase catalyzes the enzymatic conversion of argine into ____ and urea

A

ornithine

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52
Q

Is succinate dehyrogenase a enzyme of Krebs?

A

no

53
Q

In conversion to acetly-coA via pyruvate dehydrogenase comples, this is classified as ____

A

decarboxylation

54
Q

When you are starving, what state are you in

A

gluconeogenesis

55
Q

Which amino acid is aromatic

A

triptophan

56
Q

What amino acid is important in the transport of FA into mitochondria

A

carnitine, licine/mathionine

57
Q

What is niacin important for

A

oxidation/redox

58
Q

Which B vitamin is involved in remethylation of homocystine

A

B12

59
Q

which vitamin aids in the conversion of a ketoacid into an amino acid

A

Vitamine B6

60
Q

What mineral helps in insulin binding

A

Chromium -> glutathione peroxidase -> silenium

61
Q

What binds to iron and is the major storage form of iron

A

ferritin

62
Q

What is a good source of Vitamin C

A

fruits and veggies

63
Q

what is a good source of albumin

A

eggs

64
Q

what fatty acid can the body synthesize

A

palmitic?

65
Q

What aids in the absorption or iron

A

vitamin C

66
Q

Glucose and galactose equals

A

lactose

67
Q

Which disaccharide contains alph 1-6 link

A

isomaltose

68
Q

lipoprotein molecule VLDL is responsive for the transport of what

A

endogenous triglycerides

69
Q

lipoprotein molecule LDL is respondible for the transport of what

A

endogenous cholesterol

70
Q

what does not contribute to elevated cholesterol in obese patientes

A

elevated HDLs

71
Q

which of the following is the DNA complementary strand

A

3’ TACGATGC 5’ 5’ ATGCTACG 3’

72
Q

What is the rate limiting enzyme for glycolysis

A

PFK

73
Q

What is the committed step in glycolysis

A

(RLE) F-6P -> F-1-6 (PFK)

74
Q

What step in the Krebs cycle down’t produce and NADH

A

Succinate -> fumarate

75
Q

Where does glycolysis occur

A

cytoplasm

76
Q

Alpha keto from which amino acid is an intermediate in krebs cycle

A

Glutamate

77
Q

Which of the following is formed in the conversion of succinate to fumarate

A

FADH2

78
Q

What is not an example of anaplerotic reaction

A

glucose -> glucose 6 phosphate

79
Q

which reaction is an example of dehydration reaction

A

2RCO2H -> (RCO)2 O + H2O

80
Q

What is the AA for bile acids

A

taurin

81
Q

AA lacking a cord (Don’t know what this is supposed to say)

A

tryptophan

82
Q

Vitamin lacking causes damage to spinal cord

A

posterior sclerosis -> cobalamin

83
Q

ATPase breaks what bonds

A

Anhydride (oxidative phosphoryl)

84
Q

What doesn’t have cholesterol

A

coconut oil (cholesterol is in animals)

85
Q

Heme catabolism

A

bilirubin (yellow urine, brown feces)

86
Q

Mineral found in liver, molasses, certain dried fruits

A

iron

87
Q

iris of eye gets is color by

A

melanin (rhodopsin and visual purple are same)

88
Q

Hepatic tissue converts cholesterol into

A

bile salts

89
Q

What has no know antioxidant

A

cyacobalamine

90
Q

Zyomaogen

A

chylorritrypsinogen

91
Q

which is an intermediate in malate-asperatate shuttle

A

oxaloacetae

92
Q

quickly to become ransid

A

sunflower oil

93
Q

Vitamin deficiency wont be see for 5 years due to enterohepatic recycling and liver capacity

A

cobalamin

94
Q

Allosteric inhibitor of glycolysis

A

ATP

95
Q

AA in not essential

A

body metabolic capability to synthasize AA

96
Q

Slow twitch muscle fibers

A

myoglobulin

97
Q

Anerobic glycolysis convert pyruvate to lactate by what enzyme

A

lactate dehydrogenase

98
Q

What contributes to bodies ability to use tocopherol

A

need selineum (Vit E)

99
Q

What plays an important adjunctive role in cells ability to intimate glucose

A

chromium (insulin is main character)

100
Q

non reducing sugar

A

sucrose

101
Q

Hydrolysis a amylopectin gives you

A

maltose

102
Q

Aneobic catabolisim of fats and sugars, what is the end product

A

acetyl CoA (protein, fat, carbs)

103
Q

Avidin

A

blocks biotin

104
Q

NADH is coenzyme for

A

dehydrogenase (oxidative reduction)

105
Q

Production of purine nucleotides

A

B9

106
Q

Which of the following is NOT a nucleoside derivative cofactor of a catabolic pathway?

  • NAD
  • Coenzyme A
  • FADH
  • NADPH
A

NADPH

107
Q

Which of the following aids in the conversion of RNA to protein:

  • mRNA
  • tRNA
  • rRNA
  • Topoisomerase
A

tRNA

108
Q

Acetyl CoA + ____ = Citrate:

  • Coenzyme A
  • Pyruvate
  • Biotin
  • Oxaloacetate
A

Oxaloacetate

109
Q

If the cofactor is removed from a protein enzyme, what is it termed:

  • Holoenzyme
  • Apoenzyme
  • Prosthetic group
  • Coenzyme
A

Apoenzyme

110
Q

Which of the following is a precursor of epinephrine:

  • Cystine
  • Serine
  • Tyrosine
  • Histidine
A

Tyrosine

111
Q

Your patient has a severe case of periodontal disease that is not healing. There is no vitamin C available, which of the following should be used:

  • Niacin
  • Zinc
  • Magnesium
  • Iron
A

Zinc

112
Q

Hydroxylation of phenlalanine oxidase creates:

  • Tyrosine
  • Epinephrine
  • Alanine
  • Threonine
A

Tyrosine

113
Q

Which of the following aids in the uptake of insulin

  • zinc
  • copper
  • chromium
  • magnesium
A

Chromium

114
Q

What transports fatty acids to mitochondria:

  • succinyl CoA
  • Thiokinase
  • Cysteine
  • Carnitine
A

Carnitine

115
Q

Which of the following is indigestible:

  • amylose
  • cellulose
  • glycogen
  • maltose
A

cellulose

116
Q

Which of the following is a sulfer containing AA:

  • theronine and arginine
  • isoleucine and histidine
  • methionine and cysteine
  • valine and tryptophan
A

methionine and cysteine

117
Q

What is a precursor to cholesterol:

  • NADPH
  • HMG CoA
  • Geranyl pyrophosphate
  • isopentenyl pyrophosphate
A

HMG CoA

118
Q

During the initiation of lipogenesis, the acetate moiety of acetyl CoA is convalently attached to carbon dioxide, with reducing hydrogen provided by NADPH, to form:

  • Propionyl CoA
  • Malonyl CoA
  • Propinonic acid
  • Free fatty acids
A

Malonyl CoA

119
Q

What is the difference between glycogenolysis and glycogen:

  • UDG-glucose
  • Glucose 1-phosphate
  • NADH
  • RNA
A

Glucose 1-phosphate

120
Q

WHich of the following enzymes plays a crucial role in DNA replication:

  • EcoR1
  • RNA polymerase II
  • Amino acyl transferase
  • topoisomerase
A

topoisomerase

121
Q

Which of the following will reduce to only two glucose molecules:

  • fructose
  • mannose
  • maltose
  • sucrose
A

maltose

122
Q

What type of bond is formed in DNA synthesis:

  • hydrogen bonds
  • phosphodiester bond
  • biotin
  • acetyl CoA
A

phosophodiester bonds

123
Q

Which of the following fatty acids is NOT produced by the body:

  • Palmitic
  • Oleic
  • Acetate
  • Linoleic
A

Lionleic

124
Q

The actual production of ATP is referred to as:

  • oxidation-reduction
  • oxidative phosphorylation
  • oxidative decarboxylation
  • ADP kinase
A

oxidative phosphorylation

125
Q

In the oxidation of one equivalent of acetate during the tricarboxylic acid cycle, ____ equivalents of NADH are produced:

  • 1
  • 2
  • 3
  • 4
A

3

126
Q

Which is considered a secondary structure of protein:

  • alpha helix and beta pleated sheet
  • only beta pleated sheet
  • immunoglobulin
  • RBS
A

alpha helix and beta pleated sheet

127
Q

Gentle heating to separate double-standed molecules into single strands breaks which of the following bonds:

  • ionic
  • covalent
  • phosphodiester
  • hydrogen
A

hydrogen

128
Q

The function of RNA polymerase II is to make:

  • tRNA from mRNA
  • mRNA from DNA template
  • DNA from RNA template
  • Helicase unwind the strand
A

mRNA from DNA template

NBE I (6 decks)

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