Biochemistry

Question 1

DNA condensed ?

Answer 1

Chromatin

Question 2

What make the Nucleosome?

Answer 2

Histone + DNA

Question 3

What aminoácido have the histone?

Answer 3

Lysine and arginine

Question 4

What’s the structure that stabilize the chromatin?

Answer 4

H1

Question 5

What’s te phase when DNA condenses to chromatin?

Answer 5

Mitosis

Question 6

DNA + histone synthesis occur in..?

Answer 6

S phase

Question 7

One nucleosome is made by.?

Answer 7

(H2A, H2B, H3, H4) x2

Question 8

Witch chromatin is less condensed on EM?

Answer 8

Euchromatin

Question 9

Which chromatin is darker on EM?

Answer 9

Heterochromatin

Question 10

Which chromatin is high transcriptionally active?

Answer 10

Euchromatin

Question 11

Which chromatin have high methylation?

Answer 11

Heterochromatin

Question 12

What kind of chromatin are Barr bodies?

Answer 12

Heterochromatin

Question 13

What does the methylation of DNA at CP6 islands do?

Answer 13

Represses transcription

Question 14

What does the histone acetylation makes to DNA?

Answer 14

activate it

Question 15

Nucleoside?

Answer 15

Base + deoxy ribose

Question 16

Nucleotide?

Answer 16

Base + deoxy ribose +phosphate

Question 17

Who’s the purines?

Answer 17

Adenine and guanidine

Question 18

How many rings does purines have?

Answer 18

2

Question 19

Who’s the pyrimidines?

Answer 19

Cytosine, uracil and thymine

Question 20

How many rings does the pyrimidine have?

Answer 20

1

Question 21

What does deamination of cytosine do?

Answer 21

Uracil

Question 22

What does deamination of adenine do?

Answer 22

Guanine

Question 23

Where you can found uracil?

Answer 23

RNA

Question 24

Where you can found thymine?

Answer 24

DNA

Question 25

How many bound are between guanine and cytosine?

Answer 25

3

Question 26

How many bounds are between adenine and thymine/uracil?

Answer 26

2

Question 27

What are the amino acids necessary for purines synthesis?

Answer 27

Glycine, aspartame, glutamine

Question 28

What's does methylation of uracil do?

Answer 28

Thymine

Question 29

How works leflunomide?

Answer 29

Inhibits dihydroorate dehydrogenase

Question 30

What does methotrexate do?

Answer 30

Inhibits dihydofolate reductase in humans

Question 31

What does timethoprim do?

Answer 31

Inhibits dihydofolate reductase in batería

Question 32

What does pyrimethpmine do?

Answer 32

Inhibits dihydofolate reductase in Protozoa

Question 33

How works 5-fluoroucil?

Answer 33

Forms 5-F-dUMP which inhibits thymidylate synthase

Question 34

What does 6-mercaptopurine do?

Answer 34

Inhibit de novo purine synthesis

Question 35

What's the prodrug of 6-mercaptopurine?

Answer 35

Azathiopine

Question 36

How works mycophenolate/ribavirin ?

Answer 36

Inhibit inosine monophosphate dehydrogenase

Question 37

What does hidroxyurea do?

Answer 37

Inhibits ribonucleotide reductase

Question 38

Why is adenosine deaminase important?

Answer 38

Because is required or degradation of adenosine and deoxyadenosine.

Question 39

What occurs In ADA deficiency?

Answer 39

^ dATP so the toxicity in lymphocytes.

Question 40

Ada deficiency is response of what?

Answer 40

One o the major causes of autosomal recessive SCID

Question 41

What is Lesh-nyhan syndrome?

Answer 41

A x-linked recessive syndrome with defective purines salvage due to absent HGPRT.

Question 42

Whats HGPRT do?

Answer 42

Converts hipoxantyne to IMP and guanine to GMP

Question 43

Findings of sx lesch-Nyhan ?

Answer 43

Hyperuricemia, gout, aggression, self mutilation, intellectual disability and dystonia.

Question 44

Treatment of 1st line of Lesch-Nyhan sx?

Answer 44

Allopurinol

Question 45

Treatment of 2nd line of Lesch-Nyhan sx?

Answer 45

Febuxostat

Question 46

How does allopurinol/febuxostat works?

Answer 46

Inhibits xanthine oxidase (XO)

Question 47

What's the compose of the ornate sand in Lesch-Nyah's sx?

Answer 47

Sodium urate crystals

Question 48

When a purine is changed to a Purine, or a pyrimidine to pyrimidine what kind o mutation in DNA is?

Answer 48

Transition

Question 49

Purine to pyrimidine or pyrimidine to purine is what kind o mutation?

Answer 49

Trans version

Question 50

Nucleotide substitution but codes for same amino acid; often change in 3rd position of codon

Answer 50

Silent

Question 51

Nuke o tide substitution resulting in early stop condone (UAG, UAA, UGA). Usually nonfunctional protein.

Answer 51

Nonsense

Question 52

Nucleotide substitution resulting in changes amino aid

Answer 52

Missense

Question 53

What kind of mutation in DNA is the Sickle cell disease?

Answer 53

Missense

Question 54

What amino acid is substituted and by whom in DNA codon in sickle cell disease?

Answer 54

Glutamine x valine

Question 55

Deletion or insertion of a number of nucleotides not divisible by 3, misreading of all nucleotides downstream.

Answer 55

Frameshift

Question 56

Duchenne muscular dystrophy and tay-Sachs disease are..?

Answer 56

Frameshift mutations