Biochemistry

Question 1

Cytoplasm

Answer 1

jelly like substance where organelles float

Question 2

Microfilament

Answer 2

provides support for cell

Question 3

Microtubules

Answer 3

Part of cytoskeleton that aids in movement of things through cytoplasm

Question 4

Cytoskeleton

Answer 4

internal framework of cell composed of microfilaments and microtubules

Question 5

Nucleus

Answer 5

Control centre that contains chromatin and DNA

Question 6

Nucleolus

Answer 6

Center of nucleus that produces ribosomes

Question 7

Nuclear Membrane

Answer 7

2 layered membrane with pores where substances enter and leave

Question 8

Nucleoplasm

Answer 8

fluid where nucleolus and chromosomes float

Question 9

Centriole

Answer 9

2 cylinders of tubules that assist in reproduction

Question 10

Vacuole

Answer 10

stores materials like food, water, sugars, and waste

Question 11

Mitochondria

Answer 11

releases energy from digested food, site of fat and sugar digestion

Question 12

Microvili

Answer 12

increase surface area, helping absorb nutrients

Question 13

Lysosome

Answer 13

produces enzymes that aid in digestion and excretion of worn out organells

Question 14

Ribosome

Answer 14

Small structures that functions in protein assembly

Question 15

Secretory Vesicle

Answer 15

Sac that contains various substances produced by the cell and secreted at the membrane

Question 16

Golgi complex

Answer 16

proccesses and packages proteins for rough er to release it at the cell membrane

Question 17

Smooth ER

Answer 17

Transports materials through cell, also for calcium storage and fat metabolism

Question 18

Rough ER

Answer 18

folded membranes studded with ribosomes that help transport materials

Question 19

Peroxisome

Answer 19

makes enzymes that oxidize toxic chemicals

Question 20

Cell Membrane

Answer 20

encloses cell, lets things in and out

Question 21

Intermediate Filaments

Answer 21

Provides mechanical support for plasma membrane

Question 22

Carbohydrates (3)

Answer 22

Glucose, fructose, galactose (monosaccharides)

Question 23

Dissacharide

Answer 23

2 monosaccharides coming together

Question 24

Glucose + Glucose

Answer 24

Maltose

Question 25

Glucose + Fructose

Answer 25

Sucrose

Question 26

Glucose + Galactose

Answer 26

Lactose

Question 27

Fatty acids

Answer 27

can be saturated, monounsaturated, or polysaturated. | Stored as triglycerides for long term energy

Question 28

Monounsaturated can be further divided into

Answer 28

cis or trans

Question 29

Amino Acids contain...

Answer 29

an amine and a carboxyl group

Question 30

Lipids are for...

Answer 30

Shock absorption long term energy storage hormone storage insulation

Question 31

Types of proteins

Answer 31

primary- simple chain secondary- makes a helix or plated shape tertirary- makes a clump quanterary- clumps come together

Question 32

Nucleic acid

Answer 32

Complex organic substance that is present in living cells

Question 33

RNA

Answer 33

when the sugar is a simple ribose

Question 34

DNA

Answer 34

When the sugar is derived from deoxyribose

Question 35

Phosphate backbone

Answer 35

Structural component of dna made up of 5 carbon deoxyriboses, and phosphate groups

Question 36

Ribose

Answer 36

found in RNA, "normal" sugar

Question 37

Deoxyribose

Answer 37

Modified sugar lacking 1 oxygen atom

Question 38

Nitrogenous Base

Answer 38

Organic molecule with a nitrogen atom and the chemical properties of a base

Question 39

Purienes

Answer 39

Guanine, Adenine

Question 40

Pyrimidines

Answer 40

Cytosine, Thymine, Uracil

Question 41

Osmosis

Answer 41

Movement of water from high concentration to low concentration through a semi permeable membrane

Question 42

Hypotonic

Answer 42

Smaller concentration outside the cell, water rushes in, causing cell to expand

Question 43

Hypertonic

Answer 43

Greater concentration on inside of cell, water rushes out therefore shrinking the cell

Question 44

Isotonic

Answer 44

concentration is the same, water goes in and out, @ equilibrium

Question 45

Phospholipid

Answer 45

allows water through cell

Question 46

phospholipid is made up of

Answer 46

chlorine, phosphate, glycerol, and 2 fatty acids | water loving head, water fearing tail

Question 47

endocytosis

Answer 47

the process in which materials enter the cell

Question 48

integral protein

Answer 48

lets things in and out

Question 49

Facilitated diffusion integral protein

Answer 49

a path to move things through passive transport

Question 50

allosteric site

Answer 50

a place to bind to facilitate active transport

Question 51

Active transport integral protein

Answer 51

transports proteins that assist in the movement of substances

Question 52

Cholosterol

Answer 52

helps by slightly immobilizing the outer surface of the membrane and makes it less soluble to very small water soluble molecules that would otherwise pass through, without it cell membrane would be too fluid

Question 53

Extrinsic peripheral protein

Answer 53

transports molecules or receptors

Question 54

Gllycolipid

Answer 54

lipids with a carbohydrate attached by glycosidic bond maintains stability of membrane

Question 55

Glycoprotein

Answer 55

Proteins with carbohydrates attached to polypeptide chain, stabilizes structure by forming hydrogen bonds with water

Question 56

intrinsic peripheral protein

Answer 56

never crosses membrane, for transportation, anchoring, and cell signaling

Question 57

microfilament

Answer 57

provides support to the cell