Biochemistry

Question 1

What is meant by hypoxia?

Answer 1

Lack of tissue oxygen

Question 2

What is meant by hypoxaemia?

Answer 2

Lack of oxygen in the blood

Question 3

In COPD patients, we aim for SaO2 of between __ and __ %

Answer 3

88 and 92

Question 4

What are the 4 main buffers of pH in the body?

Answer 4

Bicarbonate, Haemoglobin, Ammonium, Phosphate

Question 5

Define acidaemia

Answer 5

pH less than 7.5

Question 6

Define acidosis

Answer 6

A process by which the blood contains excess acid

Question 7

Define alkalaemia

Answer 7

pH greater than 7.45

Question 8

Define alkalosis

Answer 8

A process by which the blood contains excess base

Question 9

Respiratory changes are monitored by looking at CO2 concn. True/False?

Answer 9

True

Question 10

Metabolic changes are monitored by looking at [H+]. True/False?

Answer 10

False

Look at HCO3 concn

Question 11

Metabolic compensation is rapid. True/False?

Answer 11

False

It is slow

Question 12

Respiratory compensation is rapid. True/False?

Answer 12

True

Question 13

If pH is low, PCO2 is high, HCO3 is normal, this is what? What are the main causes?

Answer 13

Respiratory acidosis

Choking, opiate use, asthma, COPD

Question 14

If pH is high, PCO2 is normal, HCO3 is high, this is what? What are the main causes?

Answer 14

Metabolic alkalosis

Vomiting/diarrhoea, heart failure, cirrhosis

Question 15

If pH is low, PCO2 is normal, HCO3 is low, this is what? What are the main causes?

Answer 15

Metabolic acidosis

Renal failure, DM

Question 16

If pH is high, PCO2 is low, HCO3 is normal, this is what? What are the main causes?

Answer 16

Respiratory alkalosis

Anxiety, hypoxia, PE, pneumothorax

Question 17

If pH is normal, PCO2 is high, HCO3 is high, this is what?

Answer 17

Compensated respiratory acidosis OR Compensated metabolic alkalosis

Question 18

If pH is normal, PCO2 is low, HCO3 is low, this is what?

Answer 18

Compensated respiratory alkalosis OR Compensated metabolic acidosis

Question 19

PEFR in obstructive disease is reduced. True/False?

Answer 19

True

Question 20

PEFR in restrictive disease is reduced. True/False?

Answer 20

False

It is usually normal

Question 21

FEV1 is reduced in obstructive disease. True/False?

Answer 21

True

Question 22

FEV1 is reduced in restrictive disease. True/False?

Answer 22

True

Question 23

FVC is reduced in obstructive disease. True/False?

Answer 23

False

Can be normal in asthmatics

Question 24

FVC is reduced in restrictive disease. True/False?

Answer 24

True

Question 25

FEV1/FVC is reduced in obstructive disease. True/False?

Answer 25

True

Question 26

FEV1/FVC is the same in restrictive disease. True/False?

Answer 26

True

Question 27

Which substances are used for bronchial challenge testing?

Answer 27

Methacholine, histamine, mannitol

Question 28

What is Respiratory Failure?

Answer 28

Hypoxia (PaO2 less than 8kPa) with/without hypercapnia, occuring when gas exchange is inadequate

Question 29

What is ARDS?

Answer 29

Respiratory stress due to stiff lungs and impaired gas exchange

Question 30

What are the main causes of ARDS?

Answer 30

Lung injury Severe sepsis Pneumonia

Question 31

In partial compensation the pH is unchanged. True/False

Answer 31

False - pH changed. Normal in full compensation