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Pharma > Biochemistry > Flashcards

Biochemistry Flashcards

1
Q

Drugs target S-phase (3)

A

Methotrexate
5-fluorouracil
Hydroxyurea

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2
Q

G2 phase targeting drug (1)

A

Bleomycin -

Hodgkin, non-Hodgkins lymphomas, reproductive systems cancers

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3
Q

M phase targeting drugs (3)

A

Paclitaxel
Vincristine
Vinblastine

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4
Q

Non cell-cycle specific drug agents (2)

A

Cyclophosphamide

Cisplatin

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5
Q

Daunorubicin and doxorubicin mechanism

A

Intercalating between DNA bases - interfering with activities of topoisomerase II - prevent proper replication of DNA

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6
Q

Cisplastin mechanism

A

Bladder, lung cancer

Bind tightly to DNA - structural distortion, malfunction

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7
Q

WhT can denaturate DNA (4)

A

Urea
Heat
Formamide
Alkaline pH

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8
Q

Etoposide

Teniposide

A

Inhibit topoisomerase II

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9
Q

Quinolones

Fluoroquinolones

A

Inhibit DNA hyraxes in prokaryotes
Prevent DNA replication and transcription
Gr-
Levofloxacin, cipro, moxi

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10
Q

Nalidixic acid

A

Kills bacteria by inhibiting dna gyrase

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11
Q

Drugs targets DNA gyrase (topoisomerase II) in eukaryotes and prokaryotes?

A

Quinolones, Fluoroquinolones (p)
Etoposide, teniposide (e)
Nalidixic acid (bacteria)

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12
Q

AZT mechanism

A

HIV
Inhibit RNA dependent DNA polymerase - inhibit DNA synthesis from RNA
AZT converts to triphosphate derivative and used as substrate for viral reverse transcriptase
Cause chain termination

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13
Q

ATM Gene inactivated?

A

Ataxia telangiectasia - hypertensivity to x-rays, predisposition to lymphomas

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14
Q

Tumor suppressor genes

A 
BRSA 1
BRCA 2
ATM Gene
p53
Retinoblastoma arb Gene
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15
Q

Inactivation of p53?

A

Li-Fraumeni syndrome

A lot of solid tumors

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16
Q

HNPCC what 2 genes?

A

Lynch syndrome
hMSH2
hMLH1

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17
Q

Norfloxacin inhibit ..

A

DNA gyrase (tp II)

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18
Q

Actinomycin D mechanism

A

Binds to DNA, preventing transcription

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19
Q

By which drug prokaryotes rna polymerase is inhibited?

A

Rifampin

20
Q

Rifampin mechanism

A

Inhibition of prokaryotic RNA polymerase

21
Q

A-amanitin mechanism

A

Mushrooms

RNA polymerase II is inhibited

22
Q

Inhibition of RNA polymerase in prokaryotes? (2)

A

Rifampin

Actinomycin D

23
Q

Inhibition of RNA polymerase in eukaryotes (2)

A

Actinomycin D

RNAP 2 inhibited by a-amanitin

24
Q

Rifampin used to treat

A

Leprae
TB
Meningitis

25
Q

Rifampin what’s with urine?

A

Red

26
Q

Shiga toxin mechanism and Verotoxin (shiga-like toxin, E.coli)

A

Inactive 28S rRNA in the 60S subunit of eukaryotic ribosome.
Halting protein synthesis

27
Q

Incorrect splicing diseases?

5

A 
B-thalassemia (3exons, 2 intrones
Lupus
Morfan 
Ray-Sachs
Type 2a hyperlipidemia
28
Q

Ray-Sachs what the defect molecular?
What protein defective?
What accumulates? You

A

Incorrect splicing (introns excision
4 nucleotides insertion
Hexosaminidase A
Accumulated GM2 ganglioside

29
Q

What protein is defective in type 2a hyperlipidenia?

A

Receptor for apo 100

30
Q

By what interned removed?

A

Spliceosomes

snRNA

31
Q

What forms by alternative splicing ?

A

Tropomiosin, troponin 1 in muscles
Membrane Ig vs secreted Ig
Dopamine receptors in brain

32
Q

Frameshift mutation pathology

A

Duchenne MD - problem with dystrophin

Becker’s - similar, but not severe

33
Q

Insertion not causing frameahift

A

X-fragile = Hantington disease - huntingtin

34
Q

Trinicleotide repeat expansion diseases (5)

A 
Huntington
Fragile C
Spinobulbar muscular athrophy
Myotonic dystrophy
Friedreich’s ataxia
35
Q

Pseudononas and Diphteria inactivate what?

A 
Elongation Factor 2
G protein class of protein 
G proteins binds GYP in order to work
36
Q

Why toxins cause death?

A

Come to cell
Look for ADP
Split niacin from NAD
Covalent linkage to G protein

37
Q

Aminoglycosides
Mechanism
2
Why no influence on people?

A 
Gentamicin, Streptomycin 
Inhibit small (30) ribosomal subunit in prokaryotes 
People don’t have it
38
Q

Linezolid

Mechanism

A

Prevent initiation phase

Large subunit 50

39
Q

Clindamycin

Macrolides

A

Bonds to 50S

40
Q

Tetracycline

A

Inhibit Aminoacyl-tRNA binds to A site

41
Q

Chloramphenicol

A

Inhibit peptidyl transferase in large subunit

42
Q

Gray baby syndrome

A

Chloramphenicol
(Memingitis)
Babies Do not have enough UPD-glucuronyl transferase activity for excretion of drug

43
Q

What drug inhibit mitochondrial protein synthesis not cytoplasms

A

Chloramphenicol

44
Q

Autosomal dominant (5)

A 
Huntington 
Familiar hypercholesterolemia (LDL receptor deficiency)
Neurofibromatosis type 1
Marfan 
Acute intermittent porphyria
45
Q

Autosomal recessive

A

Sickle cell anemia (b-globin Gene)
Cystic fibrosis (CFTR
Phenylketonuria (phenoalanyn hydroxylasa
Ray-Sachs (hexosaminidase A deficiency )

46
Q

X-linked recessive

A 
Duchenne muscular dystrophy 
Lesch-Nyhan (HGPRT deficiency)
Glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase deficiency 
Hemophilia A, B
Red-green color blindness 
Menkes disease 
Ornithine transcarbamoylase (OTC) deficiency 
SCID (IL-receptor gamma chain deficiency
47
Q

Lesch-NYhan

A

HGPRT

PURINE SALVAGE

Pharma (3 decks)

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