Biochemistry Flashcards
(41 cards)
Vitamin A
aka retinol
antioxidant
epithelial cell differentiation
tx for acne and acute promyelocytic leukemia
Vit A deficiency
night blindness
scaly skin
keratin spots on eyes
immunosuppression
Vit. A Excess
teratogenic
dry skin/alopecia
liver toxicity
vertigo/blurred vision (acute)
Vitamin B1
aka thiamine
cofactor for dehydrogenase enzymes: TCA cycle, glycolysis, and HMT shunt
Vit. B1 Deficiency
impaired glucose breakdown and ATP depletion
- Wet & Dry Beri Beri
- Wernicke-Korsakoff Syndrome (confusion + ophthalmoplegia + ataxia)
Vitamin B2
aka riboflavin
component of FAD and FMN, cofactors for redox reactions (TCA Cycle)
Vit. B2 Deficiency
Cheilosis,
corneal vascularization
Vitamin B3
aka niacin
component of NAD+ and NADP+
derived from tryptophan
requires B2 and B6 for synthesis
Vit B3 deficiency
Glossitis
Pellagra (diarrhea, dermatitis, dementia)
Vitamin B5
aka pantothenic acid
component of coenzyme A
CoA important for acyl transfers and FA synthesis
Vit. B5 deficiency
dermatitis, enteritis, adrenal insufficiency
Vitamin B6
aka pyridoxine
converted to PLP, which is an important cofactor
aids in synthesis of: niacin, heme, histamine, and NTs
Vit. B6 deficiency
convulsions, neuropathy
sideroblastic anemia
Vitamin B7
aka biotin cofactor for carboxylation enzymes: - pyruvate -> oxaloacetate - acetyl CoA -> malonyl CoA - propionyl coA -> methylmalonyl CoA
Vit. B7 Deficiency
rare
dermatitis, alopecia
Vitamin B9
aka folate
important for synthesis of nitrogenous bases of DNA and RNA
Vit B9 deficiency
anemia
hypersegmented PMNs
glossitis
no neurologic symptoms
Vitamin B12
aka cobalamin
cofactor for methionine synthase
important for DNA synthesis
Vit B12 Deficiency
anemia
hypersegmented PMNs
neurologic symptoms (degeneration and paresthesias) due to ABNORMAL MYELIN
Vitamin C
aka ascorbic acid antioxidant facilitates iron absorption by reducing it to fe2+ important for collagen synthesis helps convert dopamine to NE
Vit C Deficiency
scurvy - swollen gums, petechiae, poor wound healing
weakened immune response
Vit. C Excess
calcium oxalate nephrolithiasis
n/v
Vitamin D
aids in absorption of calcium and phosphate
increased bone mineralization
increases bone resorption
Vit. D deficiency
rickets
osteomalacia