Biochemistry and Cell biology

Question 1

Cori cycle

Answer 1

lactate to pyruvate by lactate dehydrogenase

Question 2

Glut 4 receptors

Answer 2

skeletal msucles (body glucose haemoestatis)

Question 3

GLut 1 2 3 4

Answer 3

brain and retina
1 nad 3 blood retinal barrier

Question 4

glut 7

Answer 4

liver
gluconeogeneisis and glycogenolysis

Question 5

MU5AC

Answer 5

principal teat mucin
secreted by globlet cells

Question 6

what do globlet cells secrete for immunity

Answer 6

MU5AC
TFF1 and TFF3 (trefoil peptides)

Question 7

where do globlet cells accumulate in the conjunctiva

Answer 7

Henle’s crypts tarsal conjunctiva
Manz’s glands bulbar conjunctival (nasal to the limbus)

Question 8

vitamin A in epithelial keratin

Answer 8

1. synthesis of cell surface glycoproteins
2. wound healing
3. synthesis of alpha-1 proteinase inhibitor

Question 9

lacrimal gland secretions

Answer 9

lysozymes
lactoferrin
beta lysin
IgA

Question 10

cornea stroma collagen type

Answer 10

Type 1, 3, 5, 6

Question 11

corneal subepithelial collagen types

Answer 11

Type 4 and 6 (anchoring plaques), 7 (anchoring fibrils) in the subepithelial layer

Question 12

descemet membrane collagen types

Answer 12

Type 8

Question 13

iris collagen type

Answer 13

1, 3, 4

Question 14

lens and zonules collagen types

Answer 14

type 4

Question 15

vitreous collagen types

Answer 15

type 2, 9 and 11

Question 16

choroid collagen type

Answer 16

type 3

Question 17

main corneal GAG

Answer 17

keratan sulphate

Question 18

second main GAG

Answer 18

peripheral = chondroitin sulphate
central = non-sulphated chondrotin

Question 19

corneal GAGs exist as

Answer 19

proteoglycans

Question 20

4 major forms of proteoglycans

Answer 20

lumican
keratocan
mimecan
decorin

Question 21

what maintiains corneal transparecenty

Answer 21

4 proteoglycans
type 6 and 12 collage

Question 22

where is fibrillin found in the anterior segement

Answer 22

o Cornea epithelial basement membrane
o Cornea stroma
o Schlemm’s canal
o Lens capsule
o Ciliary process

Question 23

what are the isoforms of fibrillin

Answer 23

fibrillin 1 and fibrillin 2

Question 24

where is fibrillin found in the posterior segement

Answer 24

o Vitreous
o Lamina cribosa
o Bruch’s membrane
o Choroid

Question 25

marfans is defective of which type

Answer 25

fibrillin 1 causing ectopia lentis

Question 26

where does production of aqueous occur

Answer 26

ciliary process

Question 27

what does the ciliary process contain

Answer 27

bilaminar cuboidal neuroepithelium divided into two layers: - outer pigmented - inner non-pigmented

Question 28

where is the ciliary process derived from

Answer 28

double neuroectroderm of the optic cup

Question 29

where is aqueous secreted from

Answer 29

non-pigmented ciliary epithelium

Question 30

what does aqueous contain

Answer 30

o steroid sex hormones o carbonic anhydrase o lysozymes o plasminogen activator o cytokines o hyaluronic acid o catecholamines

Question 31

what is the protein content of aqueous

Answer 31

1/500 of plasama major component is albumin

Question 32

what constituents are lower in aqueous compared to plasma

Answer 32

glucose and bicarbonate

Question 33

what constituents are higher in aqueous compared to plasma

Answer 33

lactate, ascronate and chloride