BIOCHEMISTRY C3

Question 1

They are the simplest compounds

Answer 1

amino acids

Question 2

TRUE or FALSE
It is the difference between the R groups that makes each amino acid unique.

Answer 2

TRUE

Question 3

Levels of structural organization in the human body

Answer 3

atoms
molecules
macromolecules
organelles
cell
tissue
organ
body system of organism

Question 4

Compounds made up of carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen, with a general formula of (CH2O)n, where n=3 or more

Answer 4

carbohydrates

Question 5

The most common monosaccharide is

Answer 5

glucose

Question 5

simplest forms of carbohydrates are called

Answer 5

monosaccharides/ sugar

Question 6

Basic unit of the hereditary materials DNA and RNA

Answer 6

Nucleotides

Question 7

Nucleotides form the molecular currency of the cell called

Answer 7

ATP

Question 8

Nucleotides are composed of

Answer 8

five carbon sugar
nitrogen containing ring
one or more phosphate groups

Question 9

ATP is composed of

Answer 9

nitrogenous base: adenine
sgar: ribose
3 phosphates

Question 10

The most diverse and cannot be shown with a simple structure are called

Answer 10

Lipids

Question 11

Common trait of lipids

Answer 11

poorly soluble in water because of the long chains of hydrocarbons

Question 12

simple lipid

Answer 12

palmitic acid- 16 carbons

Question 13

the total DNA of the cell

Answer 13

genome

Question 14

individual units of inheritance

Answer 14

genes

Question 15

microorganisms that lack a distinct
nucleus and membrane-enclosed organelles

Answer 15

prokaryotes

Question 16

organisms whose cells have a
well-defined nucleus and membrane-enclosed
organelles

Answer 16

eukaryotes

Question 17

single-celled organisms, but groups
of them can exist in association, forming colonies with some differentiation of
cellular functions.

Answer 17

prokaryotes

Question 18

more complex organisms
and can be multicellular or single celled.

Answer 18

eukaryotes

Question 19

A well-defined nucleus, set
off from the rest of the cell by a membrane

Answer 19

eukaryotes

Question 20

TRUE or FALSE
eukaryotic
cells are more complex and usually much larger than prokaryotic cells

Answer 20

TRUE

Question 21

a part of the
cell that has a distinct function; it is surrounded by its own membrane within the
cell.

Answer 21

organelle

Question 22

difference between prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells

Answer 22

existence of organelles, especially the nucleus in eukaryotes

Question 23

TRUE or FALSE
the structure of a prokaryotic cell is relatively simple, and lacking
membrane-enclosed organelles.

Answer 23

TRUE

Question 24

TRUe or FALSE The plasma membrane is not the only membrane found in the prokaryotic cell.

Answer 24

FALSE The plasma membrane is the only membrane found in the prokaryotic cell.

Question 25

TRUE or FALSE In both prokaryotes and eukaryotes, the cell membrane consists of a double layer (bilayer) of lipid molecules with a variety of proteins embedded in it

Answer 25

TRUE

Question 26

respiratory organelles

Answer 26

mitochondria

Question 27

internal membrane system

Answer 27

endoplasmic reticulum

Question 28

These organelles are non-existent in prokaryotes

Answer 28

nucleus mitochondria endoplasmic reticulum chloroplasts

Question 29

particles consisting of RNA and protein and site for protein synthesis in all living organisms and are bound to the endoplasmic reticulum

Answer 29

ribosomes

Question 30

in eukaryotes, energy-yielding oxidation reactions take place in

Answer 30

eukaryotic mitochondria

Question 31

in prokaryotes, energy-yielding oxidation reactions take place in

Answer 31

plasma membrane

Question 32

ribosomes are found free in

Answer 32

cytosol

Question 33

refers to the portion of the cell outside the nucleus

Answer 33

cytoplasm

Question 34

is the aqueous portion of the cell that lies outside the membrane-bounded organelles.

Answer 34

cytosol

Question 35

organelles in which photosynthesis takes place, are found in plant cells and green algae

Answer 35

chloroplasts

Question 36

In prokaryotes that are capable of photosynthesis, the reactions take place in layers called

Answer 36

chromatphores

Question 37

chromatophores are

Answer 37

extensions of the plasma membrane rather than in chloroplasts

Question 38

the portion of a prokaryotic cell that contains the DNA

Answer 38

nuclear region

Question 39

TRUE OR FALSE there is only a single, closed, circular molecule of DNA in prokaryotes and is called the genome

Answer 39

TRUE

Question 40

TRUE OR FALSE Before a prokaryotic cell divides, the DNA replicates itself, and both DNA circles are bound to the plasma membrane. The cell then divides, and each of the two daughter cells receives one copy of the DNA

Answer 40

TRUE

Question 41

the fluid portion of the cell outside the nuclear region

Answer 41

CYTOSOL

Question 42

has a slightly granular appearance because of the presence of ribosomes

Answer 42

CYTOSOL

Question 43

TRUE or FALSE In addition to the cell membrane and external to it, a prokaryotic bacterial cell has a cell wall

Answer 43

TRUE

Question 44

made up mostly of polysaccharide material, a feature it shares with eukaryotic plant cells.

Answer 44

cell wall of prokaryotic cels

Question 45

Multicellular plants and animals are; also protista and fungi

Answer 45

eukaryotes

Question 46

Three of the most important organelles in eukaryotic cells are

Answer 46

the nucleus, the mitochondrion, and the chloroplast.

Question 47

contains most of the DNA of the cell and is the site of RNA synthesis

Answer 47

nucleus

Question 48

contain enzymes that catalyze important energy-yielding reactions.

Answer 48

mitochondria

Question 49

are found in green plants and green algae, are the sites of photosynthesis

Answer 49

chloroplasts

Question 50

contain DNA that differs from that found in the nucleus, and both carry out transcription and protein synthesis distinct from that directed by the nucleus

Answer 50

mitochondria and chloroplasts

Question 51

mostly made up of the polysaccharide cellulose, giving the cell its shape and mechanical stability.

Answer 51

plant cell wall

Question 52

photosynthetic organelles, are found in green plants and algae.

Answer 52

chloroplasts

Question 53

the organelle that contains the main genetic apparatus in eukaryotes

Answer 53

nucleus

Question 54

a portion of the nucleus rich in RNA

Answer 54

nucleolus

Question 55

the most important eukaryotic organelle

Answer 55

nucleus

Question 56

an aggregate of DNA and protein.

Answer 56

chromatin

Question 57

mitochondria has an outer membrane has a fairly smooth surface, but the inner membrane exhibits many folds called

Answer 57

cristae

Question 58

is studded with ribosomes bound to the membrane

Answer 58

rough endoplasmic reticulum

Question 59

does not have ribosomes bound to it.

Answer 59

smooth endoplasmic reticulum

Question 60

a cytoplasmic organelle that consists of flattened membranous sacs, usually involved in secretion of proteins

Answer 60

golgi apparatus

Question 61

membrane-enclosed organelles that contain hydrolytic enzymes

Answer 61

lysosomes

Question 62

membrane-bounded sacs that contain enzymes involved in the metabolism of hydrogen peroxide (H2O2)

Answer 62

peroxisomes

Question 63

membrane-enclosed organelles that contain the enzymes of the glyoxylate cycle

Answer 63

glyoxysomes

Question 64

the portion of the cell that lies outside the nucleus and the other membrane-enclosed organelles cytoskeleton

Answer 64

cytosol

Question 65

a lattice of fine strands, consisting mostly of protein, that pervades the cytosol

Answer 65

cytoskeleton (microtrabecular lattice)

Question 66

Rigid exterior layer of plant cells

Answer 66

cell wall

Question 67

Membrane-enclosed sac (plant cells)

Answer 67

central vacuole

Question 68

Separates the cell contents from the outside world; contents include organelles (held in place by the cytoskeleton*) and the cytosol

Answer 68

cell membrane

Question 69

cavities within the cytoplasm of a cell, typically enclosed by a single membrane, that may serve secretory, excretory, or storage functions

Answer 69

vacoules

Question 70

is separate from the endoplasmic reticulum but is frequently found close to the smooth endoplasmic reticulum. It is a series of membranous sacs

Answer 70

golgi apparatus

Question 71

is involved in secretion of proteins from the cell, but it also appears in cells in which the primary function is not protein secretion.

Answer 71

golgi apparatus

Question 72

it is the site in the cell in which sugars are linked to other cellular components, such as proteins

Answer 72

golgi apparatus

Question 73

are membrane-enclosed sacs containing hydrolytic enzymes that could cause considerable damage to the cell if they were not physically separated from the lipids, proteins, or nucleic acids that they are able to attack.

Answer 73

lysosomes

Question 74

similar to lysosomes; their principal characteristic is that they contain enzymes involved in the metabolism of hydrogen peroxide (H2O2), which is toxic to the cell.

Answer 74

peroxisomes

Question 75

enzyme present in peroxisomes that ctaalyzes the conversion of H2O2 to H2O and O2

Answer 75

catalase

Question 76

found in plant cells only. They contain the enzymes that catalyze the glyoxylate cycle, a pathway that converts some lipids to carbohydrate with glyoxylic acid as an intermediate

Answer 76

glyoxysomes

Question 77

was long considered nothing more than a viscous liquid, but recent studies by electron microscopy have revealed that this part of the cell has some internal organization.

Answer 77

cytosol

Question 78

in cytosol, the organelles are held in place by a lattice of fine strands that seem to consist mostly of

Answer 78

protein

Question 79

is connected to all organelles

Answer 79

cytoskeleton or microtrabecular lattics

Question 80

Membrane-enclosed sacs containing hydrolytic enzymes

Answer 80

lysosomes

Question 81

Site of photosynthesis in green plants and algae; has its own DNA

Answer 81

chloroplast

Question 82

Location of main genome; site of most DNA and RNA synthesis

Answer 82

nucleus

Question 83

Site of energy-yielding oxidation reactions; has its own DNA

Answer 83

mitochondrion

Question 84

Site of photosynthesis in green plants and algae; has its own DNA

Answer 84

chloroplast

Question 85

Continuous membrane throughout the cell; rough part studded with ribosomes (the site of protein synthesis)*

Answer 85

endoplasmic reticulum

Question 86

Series of flattened membranes; involved in secretion of proteins from cells and in reactions that link sugars to other cellular components

Answer 86

golgi apparatus

Question 87

Membrane-enclosed sacs containing hydrolytic enzymes

Answer 87

lysosomes

Question 88

Sacs that contain enzymes involved in the metabolism of hydrogen peroxide

Answer 88

peroxisomes

Question 89

Separates the cell contents from the outside world; contents include organelles (held in place by the cytoskeleton*) and the cytosol

Answer 89

cell membrane

Question 90

Rigid exterior layer of plant cells

Answer 90

cell wall

Question 91

Membrane-enclosed sac (plant cells)

Answer 91

central vacoule

Question 92

They tend to increase in number and size as the plant cell ages.

Answer 92

vacuoles

Question 93

isolate waste substances that are toxic to the plant and are produced in greater amounts than the plant can secrete to the environment.

Answer 93

vacuoles