Biochemistry - carbohydrates, proteins, lipids, nucleic acid Flashcards
(29 cards)
what are the monomers in carbohydrates?
glucose, fructose, galactose
what are the polymers in carbohydrates?
glycogen, starch, cellulose
what are the monomers in proteins?
amino acids
what are the polymers in proteins?
proteins, polypeptide chains
what are the monomers in lipids?
fatty acids and glycerol
what are the polymers in lipids?
lipids and cholesterol
what are the monomers in nucleic acid?
nucleotides
what are the polymers in nucleic acid?
DNA and RNA
what is dehydration synthesis?
when water is removed from molecules to bond monomers into a polymer
what is the product of dehydration synthesis?
water
what is hydrolysis?
when water is added to split a polymer into monomers
what is water in hydrolysis?
a reactant
what is the formula for a monosaccharide?
(CH2O)n
what bond holds disaccharides together?
glycosidic bond
maltose
glucose + glucose
sucrose
glucose + fructose
lactose
glucose + galactose
what polysaccharide do animals use?
glycogen
what polysaccharide do plants use?
starch and cellulose
what is an isomer?
molecules with the same formula but different arrangements
what elements make up carbohydrates?
carbon, hydrogen, oxygen
what elements make up lipids?
carbon, hydrogen, oxygen and phosphorous (in phospholipids)
what is the role of lipids?
an energy source, protect organs, provide waterproofing and insulation to cells
what are the types of lipids?
triglycerides and phospholipids
