Biochemistry (Organic Chemistry)

Question 0

Element

Answer 0

A substance consisting of entirely one type of atom

Question 1

Atom

Answer 1

The basic unit of matter

Question 2

Compound

Answer 2

A substance formed by chemical combination of two or more elements in definite proportions

Question 3

Electron

Answer 3

Negatively charged particles; located outside the atomic nucleus

Question 4

Molecule

Answer 4

The smallest unit of most compounds

Question 5

Nucleus

Answer 5

The center of the atom which contains the protons & neutrons

Question 6

Ion

Answer 6

Atom that has a positive or negative charge

Question 7

Isotope

Answer 7

Atom of an element that has a number of neutrons different from that of other atoms of the same element

Question 8

Ionic bond

Answer 8

Bond formed when one or more electrons are transferred from one atom to another

Question 9

Covalent Bond

Answer 9

Bond formed by the sharing of electrons between atoms

Question 10

Van der Waals forces

Answer 10

A single attraction that develops between the oppositely charged regions of nearby molecules

Question 11

Cohesion

Answer 11

Attraction between molecules of the same substance

Question 12

Adhesion

Answer 12

Attraction between molecules of different substances; in plants: attraction between unlike molecules

Question 13

Mixture

Answer 13

Material composed of two or more elements or compounds that are physically mixed together but not chemically combined

Question 14

Solution

Answer 14

Mixture of two or more substances in which the molecules of the substances are evenly distributed

Question 15

Solute

Answer 15

Substance that is dissolved in a solvent to make a solution

Question 16

Solvent

Answer 16

Substance in which a solute is dissolved to form a solution

Question 17

Suspension

Answer 17

Mixture of water and non-dissolved materials

Question 18

Acid

Answer 18

Compound that forms hydrogen ions (H+) in solution

Question 19

Base

Answer 19

Compound that produces hydroxide ions (OH-) in solution

Question 20

pH scale

Answer 20

Measurement system used to indicate the concentration of hydrogen ions (H+) in solution; ranges from 0 to 14

Question 21

Buffer

Answer 21

Weak acid or base that can react with strong acids or bases to prevent sharp, sudden changes in pH

Question 22

Monomer

Answer 22

Small unit that can join together with other small units to form polymers

Question 23

Polymer

Answer 23

A large compound formed from combinations of many monomers

Question 24

Carbohydrate

Answer 24

Compound made up of carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen atoms (CHO); major source of energy for the human body

Question 25

Monosaccharide

Answer 25

Single sugar molecule

Question 26

Polysaccharide

Answer 26

Large macromolecule formed from monosaccharides

Question 27

Lipid

Answer 27

Macromolecule made mainly from carbon and hydrogen atoms (CHO); includes fats, oils, and waxes

Question 28

Protein

Answer 28

Macromolecule that contains carbon, hydrogen, oxygen, and nitrogen (CHON); needed by the body for growth and repair and to make up enzymes

Question 29

Nucleic acid

Answer 29

Macromolecules containing hydrogen, oxygen, nitrogen, carbon, and phosphorus (CHON P)

Question 30

Nucleotide

Answer 30

Monomer of nucleic acids made up of 5-carbon sugar, a phosphate group, and a nitrogenous base

Question 31

RNA

Answer 31

Ribonucleic acid: single-stranded nucleic acid that contains the sugar ribose

Question 32

DNA

Answer 32

Deoxyribonucleic acid: nucleic acid that contains the sugar deoxyribose

Question 33

Amino acid

Answer 33

Compound with an amino acid (-NH2) on one end and a carboxyl group (-COOH) on the other end

Question 34

Chemical reaction

Answer 34

Process that changes on set of chemicals into another set of chemicals

Question 35

Reactant

Answer 35

Element or compound that enters into a chemical reaction

Question 36

Product

Answer 36

Element or compound produced by a chemical reaction

Question 37

Activation energy

Answer 37

Energy need to get a reaction started

Question 38

Catalyst

Answer 38

Substance that speeds up the rate of a chemical reaction

Question 39

Enzyme

Answer 39

Protein that acts as a biological catalyst

Question 40

Substrate

Answer 40

Reactant of an enzyme-catalyzed reaction