Biochemistry Part 6: Organic Compounds Part 1: Carbohydrates Flashcards
(19 cards)
What are the four classes Organic Compounds are divided to?
Organic Compounds are divided to 4 classes: Carbohydrates, Lipids, Proteins, and Nucleic Acids.
What are 3 characteristic Carbohydrates have?
They supply quick energy, one gram of any carbohydrate would release 4 calories of heat when burned, dietary sources: rice, pasta, and bread.
What are the 3 classes of carbohydrates?
The three classes are monosaccharides, disaccharides, and poly saccharides.
What is the formula that belongs to monosaccharides?
C6H12O6
What are 3 examples of monosaccharides?
Glucose, Galactose, and fructose.
What are Isomers?
Isomers are compounds with the same formulas, but with different structures. They also have different physical and chemical properties.
What formula belongs to disaccharides?
C12H22O11
What are disaccharides?
They are two monosaccharides joined by a process called dehydration synthesis.
What are three examples of disaccharides?
Three examples are Maltose, Lactose, and Sucrose.
What is Hydrolysis?
It is the opposite of dehydration synthesis It is the breakdown of a compound with the addition of water.
Give an example of hydrolysis.
Digestion.
C6H12O6 + C6H12O6=
C12H22O11 + H2O
Glucose + Glucose=
Maltose + Water
Glucose + Galactose=
Lactose + Water
Glucose + Fructose=
Sucrose + Water
What are Polysaccharides?
They are polymers of Carbohydrates and a combination of many monosaccharides joined together by dehydration synthesis.
What are four examples of polysaccharides?
Three examples of polysaccharides are Cellulose, Starch, Chitin, and Glycogen.
What polysaccharide compounds are found in Plants? What are their purposes?
Cellulose: Make up the plant cell wall.
Starch: The way plants store carbohydrates.
What polysaccharide compounds are found in Animals? What are their purposes?
Chitin: Makes up the exoskeleton in the arthropods and the cell walls in mushrooms.
Glycogen: ‘‘Animal Starch’’, stored in the liver and the skeletal muscle.
