biodiveristy ALL

Question 1

fungi

Answer 1

body consists of mycelium, a network of strands called hyphae
walls made from chitin
eukaryotes
many nuclei - multi nucleate
most free living & saprotrophic (causes decay of other organic matter)

Question 2

animals

Answer 2

heterotrophic
multicellular
gain nutrition by digesting & absorbing organic matter
eukaryotes
fertilised eggs that develop into a ball of cells called a blastula
usually able to move around

Question 3

prokaryotes

Answer 3

NO NUCLEUS 
bacteria and cyanobacteria 
looped DNA - not linear chromosones 
no membrane - bound organelles 
smaller ribosomes 
respire not in mitochondria but on cell surface membrane 
smaller cells thaneukaryotes 
may be freeliving or parastitic 
some cause diseases

Question 4

protoctists

Answer 4

all eukaryotes
contains single-celled & some multicellular organisms
wide variety of forms
plant like / animal like
mostly freeliving
autotrophuc/heterotrophic
ONLY THING REALLY IN COMMON IS THAT THEY DONT FIT IN ANY OF THE OTHER 4 GROUPS

Question 5

Traditionally…

Answer 5

just 2 kingdoms 9(plants &animals)

5 have been accepted for many years

Question 6

species richness;

Answer 6

the number of species present

Question 7

species evenness

Answer 7

number of indivisulas in each species

Question 8

simpsons index law what does it measure?

Answer 8

measures diversity. high value = diverse

Question 9

8 taxonmic groups in order

Answer 9

domain 
kingdom 
phylum 
class
order
family 
genus
species

Question 10

study of RNA tells us two types

Answer 10

eukaryotes

prokaryotes - (bacteria [eubacteria] & archaea [archaeabacteria])

Question 11

sampling colect animals

Answer 11

sweep netting 
collecting form trees
a pitfall trap 
a tullgren funnel
a light ttrap

Question 12

sampling can damage habitats temp. / long term

Answer 12

envrionment impact assessment

maintain habitats & reducing the damage

Question 13

binomial system

Answer 13

each species identified by genus and species name

Question 14

dichotomous key

Answer 14

yes/no?

Question 15

early classification;

Answer 15

based on observable features. Then microscopes were used. then electron microscopes.

Question 16

cytochrome C

Answer 16

used in respiration –> is a protein we can look at amino acids
if 2 speices have same sequence = closely related
more differences less closely related
SAME FOR DNA

Question 17

classfication definiton

Answer 17

is the process of putting living things into groups

Question 18

taxonomy

Answer 18

is the study of the prinicples of classification

Question 19

phylogeny

Answer 19

study of the evolutionary relationships between organisms (evlotuionary tree)

Question 20

rnadom smapling 3 steps

Answer 20

take sample @ regular distances
use random numbers
select co-ordinates from a map

Question 21

habitat definiton

Answer 21

the place where organsisms live

Question 22

biodiversity definition

Answer 22

is the variety of life - the range of living organisms to be found

Question 23

species definition

Answer 23

a group of indivisula organisms very similar in appearance, anatomy, physiology, biochem, & genetics, whose members are able to interbreed freely to produce fertils offspring

Question 24

genetic Variation

Answer 24

genes from parents
alleles
all deifferent unless twins

Question 25

environmetal variation

Answer 25

affected by environment | eg fat pet due to overfeeding

Question 26

four darwins conclusions

Answer 26

offspring look like parents organisisma can reproduce A LOT offspring similar in size no 2 indivisuals are identical

Question 27

evidence to back up evolution from darwins now...

Answer 27

fossils (gaps in records, speices died out etc) | DNA & molecule evidence

Question 28

conservation; why?

Answer 28

if we allow extinction, could lose many answers without plants = no O2. DIE All living have right to survive

Question 29

an adaption

Answer 29

a feature that enhances survival & long-term reproductive success

Question 30

variation defininton

Answer 30

the prescence of variety - of differences between indivisuals BETWEEN AND WITHIN SECIES

Question 31

continuous variation;

Answer 31

2 extremes & full range of intermediate between! eg heright in humans

Question 32

discontinuous variation

Answer 32

2 or more distinct categories NO intermediate eg colours of flowers

Question 33

xerophytic plants adaptions

Answer 33

a feature that enhances survival & long term reproductive sucess

Question 34

behavioural adaption

Answer 34

behaviour of an organsism which aids survivial

Question 35

physiological / biochemical

Answer 35

one that ensures the correct functioning of cell processes eg respiring in plants \(day/night)

Question 36

anatomical

Answer 36

structural ; ie bacteria having flagella

Question 37

evolution STEPS

Answer 37

1. variation form mutation 2. 'select' the best variation 3. indivisuals with advantage survive & reproduce 4. pass on genes & alleles 5. next generation will be better adapted GENETIC VARIATION NOT ENVIRONMENTAL

Question 38

speication;

Answer 38

formation of a new species. Reproductive barriers--> allopatric geography &

Question 39

plants

Answer 39

gain nutrition from photosynthesis (autotrophs) are eukaryotes multicellular cells surrounded by cellulose cell wall produce multicellular embryos from fertilised eggs autotrophic nutrition