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BIOLOGY > BIODIVERSITY > Flashcards

BIODIVERSITY Flashcards

1
Q

HOW MANY SPECIES OF ANTS, BEETLES, FISHES AND ORCHIDS ARE THERE?

A

20,000
3,00,000
28,000
20,000 RESPECTIVELY

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2
Q

WHO POPULARISED THE TERM BIODIVERSITY?

A

EDWARD WILSON

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3
Q

WHAT DEFINITION DID EDWARD WILSON GIVE REGARDING BIODIVERSITY?

A

THE COMBINED DIVERSITY AT ALL LEVELS OF BIOLOGICAL ORGANISATION

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4
Q

VARIATIONS IN THE PLANT RAUWOLFIA VOMITORIA IS WHICH TYPE OF DIVERSITY? AND WHY?

A

IT IS GENETIC DIVERSITY AND IT IS SHOWN DUE IN TERMS OF THE POTENCY AND CONCENTRATION OF THE ACTIVE CHEMICAL RESERPINE

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5
Q

HOW MANY STRAINS OF RICE AND MANGO ARE PRESENT IN INDIA? AND WHICH TYPE OF DIVERSITY IS SHOWN HERE?

A

50,000 AND 1,000 RESPECTIVELY

GENETIC DIVERSITY

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6
Q

WHAT IS GENETC DIVERSITY?

A

DIVERSITY SHOWN AT THE GENTIC LEVEL

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7
Q

WHAT IS SPECIES DIVERSITY?

A

DIVERSITY SHOWN AT THE SPECIES LEVEL

E.G: WESTERN GHATS HAVE GREATER AMPHIBIAN SPECIES THAN EASTERN GHATS

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8
Q

WHAT IS MEANT BY ECOLOGICAL DIVERSITY?

A

DIVERSITY AT THE ECOSYSTEM LEVEL. E.G: THE EXISTENCE OF DIFFERENT BIOMES
THE ALPINE MEADOWS HAS A GREATER DIVERSITY THAN A SCANDINAVIAN COUNTRY LIKE NORWAY

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9
Q

IUCN STANDS FOR

A

INTERNATIONAL UNION FOR CONSERVATION OF NATURE AND NATURAL RESOURCES

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10
Q

ACCORDING TO IUCN, HOW MANY ORGANISMS HAVE BEEN DISCOVERED YET SO FAR?

A

A LITTLE MORE THAN 1.5 MILLION

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11
Q

WHAT ESTIMATE ABOUT THE DIVERSITY DID ROBERT MAY PROPOSED?

A

THE DIVERSITY ON THIS PLANET IS ABOUT 7 MILLION

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12
Q

WHICH TYPE OF ORGANISMS ARE MORE IN NUMBER?

A

ANIMALS

THEY COMPRISE MORE THAN 70% OF THE TOTAL DIVERSITY

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13
Q

WHAT PROPORTION OF THE ORGANISMS ARE PLANTS?

A

AROUND 22%

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14
Q

AMONG ANIMALS, WHICH ORGANISMS ARE MORE IN NUMBER ?

A

IT IS THE INSECTS WHICH ARE MORE IN NUMBER. THEY COMPRISE MORE THAN 70% OF THE TOTAL ANIMAL POPULATION

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15
Q

AMONG THE PLANTS, WHICH ORGANISMS ARE MORE IN NUMBER?

A

IT IS THE FUNGI

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16
Q

CAN THE CONVENTIONAL TAXONOMIC METHODS BE APPLIED FOR IDENTIFYING THE POPULATION OF MICROBES?

A

NO. IT IS BECAUSE MANY SPECIES ARE NOT CULTURABLE UNDER THE LABORATORY CONDITIONS. THEIR BIODIVERSITY MIGHT RUN INTO MILLIONS IF WE CONSIDER THE BIOCHEMICAL AND MOLECULAR CRITERIA

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17
Q

WHAT IS THE SHARE OF INDIA’S BIODIVERSITY IN THE GLOBAL SPECIES?

A

8.1%

DUE TO THIS IT IS EVEN ONE OF THE 12 MEGA DIVERSITIES OF THE WORLD

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18
Q

HOW ARE THE PATTERNS OF BIODIVERSITY OBSERVED?

A
  • LATITUDINAL GRADIENT

- SPECIES AREA RELATIONSHIP

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19
Q

HOW IS THE PATTERN OF DIVERSITY OBSERVED AS AND WHEN THE LATITUDINAL VARIATIONS OCCUR?

A

AS WE MOVE FROM THE EQUATOR TO THE POLES, THE SPECIES DIVERSITY DECREASES.
E.G: 1400 BIRD SPECIES IN COLUMBIA
105 BIRD SPECIES IN NEW YORK
56 SPECIES IN GREENLAND

20
Q

WHY IS HIGH BIODIVERSITY FOUND IN THE TROPICS?

A
  • SPECIATION IS A FUNCTION OF TIME. TEMPERATE REGIONS WERE SUBJECTED TO MANY GLACIATIONS, WHEREAS THE TROPICS HAVE REMAINED UNDISTURBED FOR MANY YEARS. DUE TO THIS, THEY HAD A LONG EVOLUTIONARY TIME
  • TROPICS ARE LESS SEASONAL AND RELATIVELY MORE CONSTANT AND PREDICTABLE. SUCH TYPE OF CONSTANT ENVIRONMENT PROMOTE NICHE SPECIALIZATION
  • THERE IS MORE SOLAR ENERGY AVAILABLE IN THE TROPICS
21
Q

WHO GAVE THE SPECIES-AREA RELATIONSHIP AND WORKED IN THE SOUTH AMERICAN JUNGLES?

A

ALEXANDER VON HUMBOLDT

22
Q

WHAT WAS PROPOSED BY ALEXANDER VON HUMBOLDT?

A

HE PROPOSED THAT AS THE AREA INCREASED THE DIVERSITY OF THE SPECIES INCREASED UPTO A CERTAIN LIMIT

23
Q

‘Z’ REPRESENTS:-

A

IT REPRESENTS THE REGRESSION COEFFICIENT WHOSE VALUE LIES BETWEEN 0.1-0.2
BUT UPON ANALYZING THE WHOLE CONTINENT, IT WAS FOUND THAT THE THEIR VALUE LAY BETWEEN 0.6-0.12

24
Q

WHAT DOES THE STEEPER SLOPE OF THE GRAPH BETWEEN SPECIES RICHNESS AND AREA?

A

STEEPER SLOPE INDICATES THAT IN A VERY SMALL AREA, HIGH SPECIES DIVERSITY IS FOUND

25
Q

WHAT IS A STABLE COMMUNITY?

A

A STABLE COMMUNITY IS THE ONE THAT:-

  • DOES NOT SHOW MANY VARIATIONS IN PRODUCTIVITY FROM YEAR TO YEAR
  • RESISTANT OR RESILIENT TO OCCASIONAL DISTURBANCES (NATURAL AND MAN-MADE)
  • RESISTANT TO ALIEN INVASIONS
26
Q

INCREASED BIODIVERSITY CONTRIBUTES TO HIGHER PRODUCTIVITY. TRUE OR FALSE

A

TRUE

27
Q

WHO PROPOSED THE RIVET HYPOTHESIS?

A

PAUL EHRLICH, WHO WAS AN ECOLOGIST AT STANFORD UNIVERSITY

28
Q

THE COLONISATION OF TROPICAL PACIFIC ISLANDS BY HUMANS LEAD TO THE EXTINCTION OF HOW MANY BIRD SPECIES?

A

2,000

29
Q

THE RED LIST BELONGS TO:-

A

IUCN

30
Q

HOW MANY SPECIES ARE EXTINCT IN THE LAST 500 YEARS?

A

784
338 VERTEBRATES
359 INVERTEBRATES
87 PLANTS

31
Q

QUAGGA ——-
THYLACINE ———
DODO ——–
STELLAR SEA COW ———

A

AFRICA
AUSTRALIA
MAURITIUS
RUSSIA

32
Q

BALI, JAVAN AND CASPIAN ARE THE BREEDS OF WHICH ORGANISM?

A

TIGERS WHICH GOT EXTINCT FROM INDIA

33
Q

THE LAST 20 YEARS WITNESSED THE DISAPPEARANCE OF HOW MANY SPECIES —————

A

27

34
Q

WHICH GROUP IS MORE VULNERABLE TO EXTINCTION?

A

AMPHIBIANS

35
Q

——– % OF ALL BIRD SPECIES
——– % OF ALL MAMMAL SPECIES
——– % OF ALL AMPHIBIAN SPECIES
——– % OF ALL GYMNOSPERM SPECIES
ARE FACING A THREAT TO EXTINCTION

A

12
23
32
31

36
Q

HOW MANY EPISODES OF MASS EXTINCTION HAS THE PLANET WITNESSED TILL NOW?

A

5

37
Q

WHAT ARE THE REASONS FOR THE LOSS OF BIODIVERSITY?

A
  • HABITAT LOSS AND FRAGMENTATION
  • OVER EXPLOITATION
  • ALIEN SPECIES INVASION
  • CO EXTINCTION
38
Q

WHAT EFFECTS DOES THE LOSS OF BIODIVERSITY HAVE?

A
  • DECLINE IN PLANT PRODUCTION
  • LOWERED RESISTANCE TO ENVIRONMENTAL PERTUBERATIONS
  • INCREASED VARIABILITY IN CERTAIN ECOSYSTEM PROCESSES SUCH AS PLANT PRODUCTIVITY
39
Q

NARROW UTILITARIAN ——–
BROAD UTILITARIAN ———
ETHICAL ARGUMENT ——–

A

DIRECT BENEFITS DRIVEN BY US FROM THE NATURE
INDIRECT BENEFITS
THE MORAL VALUES BEHIND THE PURPOSE OF CONSERVING THE BIOSDIVERISITY

40
Q

IN-SITU CONSERVATION

EX-SITU CONSERVATION

A

CONSERVING THE ENTIRE AREA TO CONSERVE THE PARTICULAR SPECIES OF ORGANISM
CONSERVING THE PARTICULAR ORGANISM WHO IS IN THREAT OF GETTING EXTINCT

41
Q

SACRED GROVES ARE A PART OF-

A

IN-SITU CONSERVATION

42
Q

HOW MANY BIODIVERSITY HOTSPOTS ARE THERE IN TOTAL?

A

34

43
Q

BIOSPHERE RESERVES ——
NATIONAL PARKS ———-
WILDLIFE SANCTUARIES ——–

A

14
90
448

44
Q

SACRED GROVES ARE FOUND IN

A

KHASI AND JAINTIA HILLS OF MEGHALAYA
ARAVALLI HILLS OF RAJASTHAN
WESTERN GHATS REGION OF KARNATAKA, MAHARASHTRA AND SRGUJA, CHANDA AND BASTAR AREAS OF MADHYA PRADESH

45
Q

WHERE WAS THE WORLD SUMMIT HELD AND IN WHICH YEAR?

A

IT WAS HELD IN JOHANNESBURG, 2010
THE COUNTRIES PLEDGED THEIR COMMITMENT TO ACHIEVE BY 2010, A SIGNIFICANT REDUCTION IN THE BIODIVERSITY LOSS AT GLOBAL, REGIONAL AND LOCAL LEVELS
THE WORLD SUMMIT WAS ON SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT

46
Q

WHERE WAS THE HISTORIC CONVENTION ON BIOLOGICAL DIVERSITY (THE EARTH SUMMIT) HELD AND IN WHICH YEAR?

A

IT WAS HELD IN RIO DE JANEIRO IN THE YEAR 1992
ALL THE NATIONS WERE CALLED UPON TO TAKE APPROPRIATE MEASURES FOR THE CONSERVATION OF BIODIVERSITY AND SUSTAINABLE UTILISATION OF THE BENEFITS

BIOLOGY (11 decks)

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