- sand dunes - woodland - meadows - streams

Biodiversity Flashcards by Ellie Langley

What is the definition of biodiversity

A measure of the variation found in the living world
- structural and functional variety

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What is the definition of habitat

Where an organism lives

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Example of habitats

sand dunes
woodland
meadows
streams

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What is species richness

A measure of how many different species are present

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What is species evenness

A measure of how evenly represented the species are

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What is genetic diversity

The variation in alleles between individuals belonging to the same species

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What can genetic variation cause

Different breeds of animals

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What are the different type of non-random sampling methods

opportunistic
stratified
systematic

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What are examples of systematic sampling

line transect
belt transect

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What are things you need to do to prepare to sample a habitat

suitable clothing
suitable footwear
apparatus needed to carry out the sampling
clipboard, pen and paper to record observations
appropriate key to identify plants
camera to record specimens and grid locations

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What side of the quadrat should you count organisms

Bottom and left

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What does a high species evenness show

The habitat is more diverse

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What is the capture-mark-recapture technique

catch animals and count them
mark them and release
rest trap
count number with or without mark
use Lincoln-Petersen index

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What is the Lincoln-Petersen index

Population = (number caught 1st x number caught 2nd) / number of marked animals caught

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What is the formula for species diversity index

D = 1 - [sum of (n/N)^2]

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What does n stand for in the species diversity index

Population of any one species

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What does N stand for in the species diversity index

Number of all species

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What does a high value in the species diversity index mean
‘Simpson’ s diversity index’

A diverse habitat

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What is a locus

The position of that gene on a chromosome

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How to calculate genetic diversity

(Number of polymorphic loci / total number of loci ) x 100

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Ways to catch invertebrates

sweep netting
sheet under a branch and shake it
pitfall trap
tullgren funnel
light trap

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What is a pitfall trap

Small container buried in the soil with the rim just bellow the surface

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What is a tullgren funnel

Study These Flashcards

place leaf litter in a funnel
light at the top of the funnel: drives the animals downwards
animals fall through the mesh into a container

What is genetic diversity

Study These Flashcards

Variation in alleles within a species

What is species diversity

Variation of species within a habitat

What is habitat diversity

Variation of habitats within an ecosystem

What are the different types of biodiversity

- genetic - species - habitat

What is random sampling

Investigating the difference between two environmentally distinct areas

What is systematic sampling

Investigating changes in population along an environmental gradient

Examples of non-random sampling

- opportunistic - systematic - stratified

What are the different ways to measure abundance

- species diversity - % cover - frequency - ACFOr

What does ACFOR stand for

- abundant - common - frequent - occasional - rate qualitative

What is the ACFOR scale

Subjective scale to measure abundance

What are the different types of distribution

- clumped - uniform - random

What is the gene pool

All the copies of all the genes in that population

What is genetic drift

The change in allele frequency due to chance

What are the different types of genetic erosion

- founder effect - genetic bottleneck - artificial selection (selective breeding)

What is the equation for allele frequency

Number of dominant alleles / total number of alleles A/A+B

What is the founder effect

A few individuals from a population colonise a new region and set up a new population

What is genetic bottlenecking

Population may suffer severe drop in numbers - volcanic activity

How do you calculate the proportion of polymorphic gene loci

Number of polymorphic loci / total number of loci

What are the reasons to maintain biodiversity

- ethical reasons - areas of recreation - in situ conservation - ex situ conservation - ecosystem services - sustainability

What is ex-situ conservation

Removal of species to a protected place that is not its normal habitat

Examples of ex-situ conservation

- seed bank - zoo - botanic garden - gene banks

Advantages of ex-situ conservation

- helps maintain biodiversity - some organisms can be reintroduced to the wild - can complete scientific research

Disadvantages of ex-situ conservation

- organisms have to adapt to artificial environments - less than 85% of seeds germinate successfully

What is in-situ conservation

PREFERRED OPTION Preserving something in its natural habitat - in their original place

Examples of in-situ conservation

- UNESCO - nationally protected areas - national nature reserves - marine conservation zones - special scientific sites of interest (SSSI)

Advantages of in-situ conservation

- organisms are able to continue to evolve - more likely to breed

Disadvantages of in-situ conservation

- more risky for long term survival

Description of a protoctista

- eukaryotic - single called - wide variety of forms - free living - auto tropic and heterotropic nutrition

Description of fungi

- eukaryotic - walls made of chitin - free living or saprophytic

Description of plantae

- eukaryotic - multicellular - cells surrounded in cellulose cell wall - autotrophic - contain chlorophyll

Description of animalia

- eukaryotic - multicellular - heterotropic - able to move

What does autotrophic mean

Absorb simple molecules and build them into larger organic moelcules

What does heterotrophic mean

Digest large organic molecules to form smaller molecules for absorption

Biodiversity Flashcards

(56 cards)