Biodiversity

Question 1

Biodiversity

Answer 1

Number of species and the number of individuals of each of the species within a community

Question 2

Species richness

Answer 2

The number of different species in community

Question 3

Community

Answer 3

All the individuals of all the species living together in the same area at the same time

Question 4

Genetic diversity

Answer 4

Difference in dna

Question 5

Species

Answer 5

Group of similar organism
That reproduce to produce fertile offspring

Question 6

Niche

Answer 6

Organism role within ecosystem
Refers to how they behave and interact with environment and other species

Question 7

What information required to calculate an index of diversity

Answer 7

Number of species
Number of individuals of each species

Question 8

Diversity index

Answer 8

N(N-1
————
Σn(n-1)

N= total number of organisms of all species
n=total number of organism of each species

Question 9

The number of species present is one way to measure diversity. Explain why an index of diversity may be a more useful measure

Answer 9

Measures the number of individuals of each species
Some
Species present in high numbers

Question 10

Economic argument for maintaining biodiversity

Answer 10

Medical uses
Tourism
Agriculture

Question 11

Forest cleared
Why does species diversity decrease

Answer 11

Decrease in variety of plants
Fewer habitats and niches
Decrease in variety of food sources
Fewer herbivores+carnivores

Question 12

When writing species name must be underlined

Question 13

Suggest how the scientist measured the rate of water flow in the river.

Answer 13

Time to fill container of known volume

Question 14

Give ways in which genetic diversity between species is measured

Answer 14

•Comparing differences in the base sequence of dna/mrna
• comparing observable characteristics
• comparing amino acid sequences

Question 15

Explain the advantage of showing the data using standard deviations rather than ranges

Answer 15

SD is spread of data around the mean;

Accept: variation around the mean.

2. (SD) reduces effect of anomalies/ outliers;
3. (SD) can be used to determine if (difference in results is) significant/not significant/due to chance /not due to chance;

Question 16

Domain split into what organims

Answer 16

Bacteria
Archaea (prokaryotes)
Eukarya

Question 17

Hierachy

Answer 17

Groups are within larger groups
No overlap

Question 18

Phylogenetic group

Answer 18

Grouped according to evolutionary links

Question 19

Is courtship behaviour genetically determined or no

Answer 19

It is genetically determined

Question 20

Give 2 ways in which courtship increases probability of successful mating

Answer 20

Attracts same species
Attracts opposite sex
Indication of sexual maturity
Stimulates release of gametes
Forms pair bond

Question 21

Modern classification methods

Answer 21

Comparing
Base sequence of DNA
base sequence of mRNA
Amino acid sequence
Measurable+observable characteristics

Question 22

Why may it be difficult to sometimes decide which species an organism belongs to

Answer 22

Can’t always observe reproductive behaviour as
They are extinct
Produce asexually
Ethical issues

Question 23

Why does comparing the base sequence of a gene provide more info than amino acid sequence

Answer 23

Longer base sequence than amino acid sequence
Introns
Dna code degenerate

Question 24

Species diversity

Answer 24

Number of species in a community

Question 25

Give 2 reasons why the grassy strips increase the biodiversity of animals

Answer 25

Increase in plant diversity leads to more types of food for animals Increase in variety of animals leads to increase in predator species Increase in habitat and niches

Question 26

Scientists decided to collect animals from the soil samples for 40minutes Suggest how they decided 40mins best time

Answer 26

Repeat soil sorting for different times and record hoe many species present Then find optimum Time

Question 27

How to identify which species belonged to which

Answer 27

Use a key

Question 28

Suggest and explain 2 ways in which scientists could improve method used for days collection

Answer 28

Count number of individuals of each species to calculate index of diversity Collect from more sites/years to increase the accuracy

Question 29

Suggest and explain one advantage and one disadvantage to a farmer of replanting hedges

Answer 29

Advantage Greater biodiversity so increase in predators of pests Disadvantage Greater biodiversity so Increase in pest population

Question 30

Define non coding base sequences And where they are positioned

Answer 30

Dna that does not code for protein Positioned between genes

Question 31

Give 2 ways other than comparing base sequence of DNA/mRNA to measure genetic diversity

Answer 31

Compare observable characteristics Compare amino acid sequence