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biology topic 3 classification > biodiversity > Flashcards

biodiversity Flashcards

1
Q

issues of biodiversity decreasing

A

air and water of earth purified by organisms
-waste decomposed by fungi and bacteria
-microorganisms in soil and water convert ammonia into nitrate ions taken up and used by plants

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2
Q

whats biodiversity

A

the variety of life on earth from microbes to mammals
genetic diversity between species and different species and variety of ecosystems

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3
Q

how do plants influence rain fall

A

absorb water which evaporates into atmosphere producing clouds for rain

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4
Q

2 factors for measuring biodiversity at species level

A

species richness
relative abundance of different species that make species richness

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5
Q

areas of highest biodiversity

A

wet tropics and coral reefs

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6
Q

biodiversity hotspots

A

of unusual biodiversity and endemism

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7
Q

theory as to why some areas are really biodiverse

A

very stable ecosystems allow many complex relationships to develop between species

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8
Q

genetic biodiversity

A

important to measure biological health
without variety population vulnerable

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9
Q

ethical reasons for keeping biodiversity

A

-deny future generations of natural resources
-pleasure for people so dont destroy
-unethical human actions
-

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10
Q

biodiversity and genetic variation

A

develop production of crops livestock and fisheries

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11
Q

problems with biodiversity hotspots

A

where resources are like wood
gas
oil and minerals and people destroy places for resources

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12
Q

why is it hard to prioritise areas for conservation

A

areas of greatest biodiversity are not always same as places with biggest number of endemic species

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13
Q

example of stable ecosystems allowing relations between species

A

area where organisms can grow and reproduce quickly more mutations lead to adaptations so organisms can exploit more niches

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14
Q

relative species abundance

A

the relative number of different types of organisms

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15
Q

enviormental changes and biodiversity

A

when an enviornment has extreme changes the biodiversity is low

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16
Q

enviornment with unflled niches and hostile

A

floods
storms
pathogens

with unfilled niches a new species can come and overpower existing species

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16
Q

how is biodiversity not constant

A

temps vary biodiversity
enviornment
migration
mating season

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16
Q

measuring biodiversity within a species

A

DNA analysis of gene pools of species

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17
Q

effect of mutations of gene pools

A

increase the gene pool by increasing the number of different alleles available

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18
Q

allele frequency

A

the relative frequency of a particular allele in a polulation

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19
Q

what happens if a mutation in species is advantageous

A

the frequency of the allele will increase as that allele is selected

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20
Q

what happens if mutation bad in species

A

natural selection could remove allele from gene pool but usually kept at low frequency until it transfers some benefits

21
Q

effects of change in allele frequency

A

due to natural selection
may lead to evolution of a new species

22
Q

why are endemic species vulnerable

A

because they have low genetic diversity so if a disease comes all of them dead

23
Q

why types of arguments do governments prioritise

A

economic arguments

24
Q

ecosystem services

A

services provided by the natural enviorment that benefit people

25
Q

provisioning services

A

ecosystems provide reosurces
materials water medicines
greater biodiversity is more resources

26
Q

regulating services

A

ecosystem processes help maintain and regulate environment
air quality water quality sewage
climate of planet

27
Q

supporting services

A

soil formation and nutrition for food we eat
ecosystems support what we need

28
Q

cultural services

A

biodiverse and healthy ecosystem important for human health
recreation and education
economy of country dependent on people coming to see wildlife

29
Q

how can biodiversity effect the economy

A

floods and fires cost a lot to fix
deforestation no food
if non sustainable resources are harvested and not replaced industry collapse with ecosystem

30
Q

how loss of biodiversity can effect future economy

A

reduces chances of finding new drug
new food
new genes that can be used in crop to benefit it

31
Q

conservation

A

keeping and protecting a living and changing enviornment

31
Q

process of conservation

A

projects reclaiming land
agriculture systems set up
protect single species
decrease pollution levels and emissions

32
Q

ex situ conservation

A

takes place outside their natural habitat

33
Q

example of ex situ conservation

A

zoos or seed banks

34
Q

in situ conservation

A

takes place in natural habitat of organism

35
Q

why do ex situ conservations exist

A

when an organism threatened there is no time to keep them in their natural habitat
taken out to increase chance of survival

36
Q

what does ex situ conservation enable

A

at worst their genetic material is conserved
at best a breeding population can be returned to their natural habitat

37
Q

way of maintaninng long term health of crop plants

A

crossbreeding plants
using wild plants to supply genes for genetic engineering

38
Q

plants in ex situ

A

they can be cleaned and frozen which maintains them to germinate for about 200 years

39
Q

problems with plants in ex situ

A

some seeds of species dont store well
field gene banks take up a lot of time and space

40
Q

tissue cultures to conserve plants

A

takes time and place allows more variety to be conserved

41
Q

why cant you always conserve animals in the wild

A

because the conditions that put them under threat continue

42
Q

captive breeding programmes

A

endangered species are bred in zoos and parks to save species
reintroduce bred animals to wild to restore population

43
Q

problems with captive breeding

A

no enough space for resources in zoos for all threatened species
-hard to get right condiitons for breeding
-when population small gene pool is reduced- zoos keep detailed records of genetic information

44
Q

problems with reintroduction

A
  • to wild can be not good unless reason for species going extinct is removed
    -animals in captivity cant adjust to wild
    -expensive and time consuming and can fail
45
Q

cross species cloning

A

cloning of animals using closely related species as surrogate mothers

46
Q

whats the primary conservation strategy

A

in situ conservation
in their natural habitat

47
Q

problems with conservation

A

when land set aside conflict with people
-money to maintain area
-

48
Q

sustainable forestry

A

where people cut trees plant trees and replant so biodiversity maintained while people use forest for money

49
Q

sustainable agriculture

A

use organic fertilisers
no chemical presticides
biological pest control
avoid soil becoming exhausted
cheaper in long term than using chemicals

50
Q
A

biology topic 3 classification (7 decks)

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