Biodiversity Flashcards
(37 cards)
What are the 6 characteristics of life?
Metabolism (requiring energy), Reproduction, Evolution(adapting to environment), Homeostasis(responding to stimuli), Cellular Organization, Growth & development
What were the two main issues with Aristotle’s system of classification?
Organisms that were vastly different were all classifed into the same group (ex. birds, dragonflies, and bats were all classified as “air dwellers”, despite being wildly different organisms)
Organisms that were very similar were classified into different groups (ex. hawks, penguins, and ostriches were all in different groups due to their habitats, but as we know now they are all birds)
Who invented the 3 Domain system which we use today?
Carl Woese
Who is considered the father of taxonomy and why?
Carl Linnaeus. He developed a system in which organisms would be grouped according to shared structures, showing that the more structures that 2 organisms share, the closer their relation is. His system involved 7 taxa, and 2 kingdoms (plants & animals). He is also the originator of binomial nomeclature.
Compare how organisms used to be classifyed vs how they’re classified today. How is this an example of a paradigm shift?
Formerly, organisms would be classifiyed into groups based on where they lived. This system was developed by Aristotle, and while it was groud breaking at the time, it was primitive as organisms were grouped based on a very surface level characteristic. Due to advancements in technology, organisms are now classifyed based on evoluntionary relationships, and their groupings are supported with various forms of evidence.
Organisms are classified based on relationships. What are 4 things that a taxonomist may look at when attempting to find evidence of such a relationship?
The current method of classifying organisms compares:
structure, development, biochemistry/molecular studies, and breeding capabilities.
2 organisms
They have a common ancestor.
True or False:
When typing with binomial nomenclature, both the genus and species names must be capitalized and underlined.
FALSE:
The Genus name must always be capitalized, and the species name must always be lower case. When typing online, both names must be italicized. When handwriting, both must be underlined.
List the 8 taxonomic levels in order of least to most specific.
Domain, Kingdom, Phylum, Class, Order, Family, Genus, Species.
What are the 3 Domains?
Eukaryota, Archaea, Bacteria
What are the 6 Kingdoms, and under what domain do they fall?
Archaebacteria (domain Archaea)
Eubacteria (domain Bacteria)
Protista
Plantae
Fungi
Animalia (domain eukaryota)
What is the definition of “Prokaryotic”?
The term prokaryote refers to a unicellular organism which lacks a nucleus and membrane-bound organelles.
Noah discovered a new organism, while hiking through the rainforest, whose characteristics were that it is eukaryotic and multicellular, a heterotroph, sessile, lives in the forest, and reproduces asexually. In which kingdom does it belong?
Fungi.
Lila discovered a new organism while exploring. its characteristics were that it was prokaryotic, and unicellular, a heterotroph, sessile, lives in an anaerobic hot spring, and reproduces asexually. To which kingdom does it belong?
Archaebacteria.
Hailey was snorkeling and saw an organism that doesn’t move. It cannot make its own food, does not have cell walls, and reproduces sexually. In which kingdom does it belong?
Animalia.
While working on the farm, Oliver stumbled upon a multicelluar organism which makes its own food, has cell walls, and that reproduces sexually. What kingdom does this organism belong to?
Plantae.
While taking a dip in fresh, stagnent water, Abigail came across a unicellular organism which makes its own food, but that also has the ability to take in solid food if nessecary. To what kindgom does this organism belong?
Protista.
What is the name of a photosynthetic bacterium which can make its own food?
Cyanobacteria (blue-green algae)
How does having a large surface area to volume ratio benifit a bacterium?
List the basic shapes for bacteria. What two parts of a bacterium determine its shape?
The shape is determined by the cell wall and cytoskeleton.
Do all eubacteria cause disease?
No. A lot of bacteria are decomposers which can help us to digest food. However, some bacteria do cause disease. They can invade body cells and kill them, and they can release toxins which disolve in bodily fluids.
How does a Euglena move around and obtain energy?
How does an Amoeba move around and obtain energy?
How does a Paramecium move around and obtain energy?
