Biodiversity 3.4

Question 1

What is taxonomy?

Answer 1

A classification system where there is hierarchy - groups are contained within larger composite groups and there is no overlap.

Question 2

How many taxonomic levels are there?

Answer 2

Eight.

Question 3

List the taxa in order.

Answer 3

Domain
Kingdom
Phylum
Class
Order
Family
Genus
Species

Question 4

What is the binomial naming system?

Answer 4

It uses the genus and species name, the genus always starts a capital letter and if written online it is written in italics or if its handwritten it is underlined.

Question 5

What is a species?

Answer 5

Organisms which are similar to each other but different from members of other species and can interbreeed to produce fertile offspring.

Question 6

What is phylogeny?

Answer 6

The study of the evolutionary relationship between organisms.

Question 7

How can phylogenetic relationships be shown?

Answer 7

Using phylogenetic trees.

Question 8

What can comparing the DNA and proteins of different species help determine?

Answer 8

The evolutionary relationships between them.

Question 9

Comaping how much ______ cause ______ can be an indicator of how closely related organisms are.

Answer 9

Antibodies / agglugination.

Question 10

What are mean and standard deviation used for?

Answer 10

To see whether there is ny variation between samples and any outliers that may negatively impact the results.

Question 11

What does it mean if the standard deviation is small?

Answer 11

There is little variation.

Question 12

What does it mean if the standard deviation is large?

Answer 12

There is a lot of variation.

Question 13

Where do error bars extend from a bar chart?

Answer 13

One standard deviation above and below.

Question 14

What makes an ecosystem?

Answer 14

Communities and non living (abiotic) factors.

Question 15

What is a habitat?

Answer 15

Where an organism lives.

Question 16

What is a community?

Answer 16

All the populations of different species in a habitat.

Question 17

What is species richness?

Answer 17

Measure of the number of different species in a community.

Question 18

What is index of diversity?

Answer 18

A method to calculate biodiversity.

Question 19

What does biodiversity reflect?

Answer 19

How well an ecosystem functions.

Question 20

Why is species diversity normally low in extreme environments?

Answer 20

Only a few species have the necessary adapatations to survive.

Question 21

How does woodland clearance impact biodiversity?

Answer 21

Increases the area of farmland
but reduces tree numbers and
species of trees, destroys habitats (loss of shelter and
food), leading to species death
or migration.

Question 22

How do pesticides and herbicides impact biodiversity?

Answer 22

Pesticides kill organisms that
feed on crops and herbicides
kill unwanted weeds. Reduces
biodiversity by killing pests and
weeds, as well as reducing the
numbers of species that use
these as a food source.

Question 23

How does hedgerow removal impact biodiversity?

Answer 23

Increases the area of farmland by turning lots of small fields into fewer larger fields. It reduces biodiversity in the same ways as woodland clearance.

Question 24

How does monoculture impact biodiversity?

Answer 24

This is when farmers have fields
containing only one type of plant. A singe type of plant reduces biodiversity directly and will support fewer organisms (e.g. as habitat or food source) which further reduces biodiversity.

Question 25

Why is it important to maintain biodiversity?

Answer 25

It helps maintain the environment. It provides use with new sources of food and medicines and can benefit agriculture, eg wide variety
of insects to pollinate crops.

Question 26

What are some examples of conservation scheme?

Answer 26

Giving legal protection to endangered species

Creating SSSIs (Sites of Special Scientific Interest) and AONBs

Stewardship schemes encouraging farmers to conserve biodiversity, eg replanting hedgerows.

Question 27

What is spearman rank correlation?

Answer 27

This is a statistical test used to work out if there is a correlation between two variables.

Question 28

What is a null hypothesis?

Answer 28

A statement that always starts with “THERE IS NO CORRELATION BETWEEN…” or “THERE IS NO SIGNIFICANT
DIFFERENCE BETWEEN…”