Biodiversity

Question 1

What is Biodiversity

Answer 1

Biodiversity is the variety of different kinds of living things.

Question 2

Levels of Biodiversity

Answer 2

Genetic Diversity
Species Diversity
Ecosystem Diversity

Question 3

Genetic Diversity

Answer 3

Greater genetic variation- means more traits for nature to select the ones most beneficial.

Question 4

Species Diversity

Answer 4

Species variation- more interactions. The more diverse an ecosystem the more it tends to produce.

Question 5

Ecosystem Diversity

Answer 5

• more habitats

- Greater # of habitats means greater chance of survival if something changes.

Question 6

Keystone Species

Answer 6

Organism that helps define an ecosystem, without it the ecosystem would cease to exist.

Question 7

Characteristics that define all living things

Answer 7

1. All organisms are made of cells
   
   2. All organisms obtain and use energy
   3. All organisms interact with their environment
   4. All organisms grow and develop
   5. All organisms reproduce
   6. All organisms need water
   7. All organisms maintain homeostasis
      
      8. All organisms can evolve

Question 8

Taxonomy

Answer 8

Science of; naming, identifying and classifying organisms.

Question 9

Binomial nomenclature

Answer 9

a system developed for naming a specific species

Question 10

Levels of Taxonomy Classifications

Answer 10

Domain
Kingdom 
Phylum 
Class 
Order 
Family 
Genus 
Species

Question 11

Members of domains are quite diverse. Classification is based on 2 main characteristics…

Answer 11

1. Type of Cell
   Prokaryotes- cells do not have a nucleus
   Eukaryotes- cells have a nucleus
   2. Presence of Peptidoglycan (Sugar in the cell
      wall)

Question 12

The three domains

Answer 12

1. Archaea
   
   2. Bacteria
   3. Eukarya

Question 13

Archaea Domain

Answer 13

• Prokaryotes

- Cell walls lack peptidoglycan

Question 14

Bacteria Domain

Answer 14

• Prokaryotes
  
  • Cell walls contain peptidoglycan
  • Genetically unique rRna

Question 15

Eukaryotes Domain

Answer 15

• Have eukaryotic cells (nucleus)

- Genetically unique rRNA

Question 16

What are the six kingdoms?

Answer 16

Protista 
Animalia
Fungi 
Archaebacteria 
Eubacteria 
Plantae

Question 17

How are the organisms classified into the kingdoms?

Answer 17

Cell structure
Mode of nutrition
Reproduction

Question 18

Cell structure

Answer 18

An organisms cells can have
Cell walls are rigid either made of cellulose or chitin
Cell membrane= flexible

Question 19

Mode of Nutrition

Answer 19

Autotroph- make own food
Heterotroph- consume other organisms
Decomposer- breaks down dead organisms and their waste

Question 20

Reproductive STRATEGY

Answer 20

Organisms can reproduce
Asexually- identical offspring
Sexual- partner variation in offspring

Question 21

Archaebacteria

Answer 21

Prokaryotes 
unicellular 
Autotrophs 
Heterotrophs 
Asexual

Question 22

Sub- categories

Answer 22

1. Methanogens 
	Live in oxygen free environments 
	2. Halophiles 
	Can live in water 10x saltier than the ocean 
	3. Thermoacidophiles 
	Can survive in extreme heat 
	Found in deep sea vents 
        Most are anaerobic

Question 23

Eubacteria Kingdom

Answer 23

Prokaryotes 
All unicellular
Auto 
Hetero
Decomposer
Asexual and sexual 
Found everywhere 
All single celled prokaryotes 
Have cell walls with peptidoglycan 
DNA  in the from of a ring

Question 24

What are Endospores?

Answer 24

When conditions are poor small portion of bacteria can become dormant by forming a protective coating

Question 25

Bacteria shape

Answer 25

Cocci- round Bacilli- Rod shaped (beneficial for nutrient absorption) Spirili- Spiral shaped (High motility)

Question 26

Growth Pattern of Bacteria

Answer 26

Diplo- grow in years Staphylo- grown in clusters Strepto- grow in chain

Question 27

Protist Kingdom

Answer 27

``` Cell walls chitin Mostly Unicellular Auto (plant-like protists) Hetero (Animal -like protists) Decomposer (Fungus- like protists) Asexual and sexual Major producers Important consumers Cause disease ```

Question 28

Fungi Kingdom

Answer 28

``` chitin Mostly multicellular Heterotrophs Most Asexual Fungi are eukaryotes More closely related to animals than plants ```

Question 29

Fungi Types

Answer 29

1. Predatory - trap pray 2. Parasitic- absorb nutrients from the living cells of the host organism 3. Mutualistic -form partnerships with plants 4.Saprobial - feeds on dead organisms or waste

Question 30

Plantae Kingdom

Answer 30

``` cellulose Mostly Multicellular Auto Asexual and Sexual Eukaryotes Photosynthesize using chlorophyll ```

Question 31

Plant Classification

Answer 31

Non-vascular or vascular (having tubes to carry substances) | Seedless or seeded (a seed is a baby plant)

Question 32

Groups of Plants

Answer 32

1. Mosses- seedless and non-vascular 2. Ferns seedless and vascular 3. Gymnosperms- seeded and vascular Angiosperms- seeded, vascular and has flowers

Question 33

Animalia Kingdom

Answer 33

``` Multicellular Eukaryotes Heterotrophs Mobile at some point Reproduce sexually Cells have cell membranes ```

Question 34

Characteristics to classify animals

Answer 34

1. Body plan how the body is arranged Asymmetrical (body is irregular), Bilateral (2 mirror halves), Radial (body arranged around a central axis) 2. Segments -body divided into sections (unsegmented and segmented) 3. Cephalization - development of a distinct head (no/yes)