biodiversity, evolution + disease Flashcards
(31 cards)
which cell component is present in all 3 domains?
ribosomes
give term meaning evolution of a new species
speciation
define a species
smallest taxonomic grp that shares a common ancestor + breed together to produce fertile offspring
give 2 disadvantages of using fossils as evolution evidence
may decompose before fossilisation
fossils may get destroyed e.g. in earthquakes
what is cladistics?
classifying organsims taking into account their evolutionary ancenstors
give piece of molecular evidence that may mean somebody might mistake archaea as being eukaryotic
similar histone protiens to eukarya
give 2 pieces of cellular evidence that led to splitting of prokaryotae kingdom into bacteria + archaea domain
composition of flagella are different
bonds of lipids in cell membranes are different
give a piece of molecular evidence that led to splitting of prokaryotae kingdom into bacteria + archaea domains
enzyme RNA polymerase is different in bactera to archaea
what is phylogeny?
evolutionary relationships between organisms
give 2 anatomical adaptations
e.g. otters have streamlined heads for swimming/whales have thick layer of fat for warmth
give 2 e.g. behavioral adaptations
playing dead/dancing to attract mate
give 2 e.g. physiological adaptations
hibernation- lower rate of metabolism
/bacteria may produce antibiotics to kill ther species of bacteria to reduce competition
why do organisms which have evolved in similar environments have similar features? (key word)
evolved to fill similar ecological niches
what are marsupial/placental mammals an e.g. of?
convergent evolution
give 3 comparisons between marsupial/placental mammals
marsupial- born early- move to pouch + attach to teat + recieve milk/ placental- born more fully developed
marsupial- shorter gestation period
marsupial- don’t develop full placenta/placental- develp full placenta during pregnancy
term to describe creating organism with artificial genome?
synthetic biology
give 2 examples of discontinuous variation in microorganisms
antibiotic resistance (some bacteria are resistant to antibiotics produced by other bacteria)
/pigment production (some bacteria can’t produce coloured pigments)
give 2 examples of discontinuous variation in plants
colour/seed shape
give 2 examples of continuous variation in:
a) plants
b) microorganisms
a) plants= mass of seed/SA of leaves
b) microorganisms= width of organism/length of flagellum
which type of variation is quantitative/qalitative?
continuous=quaNTitative
DIScontinuous=quaLitative
name the type of variation
a) within a species
b) between diff. species
a) intRAspecific variation
b) intERspecific variation
which type of variation is not influenced by the environment?
(discontinuous/continuous)
discontinuous variation
give the 3 domains
archaea
bacteria
eukarya
what are archaea?
unicellular prokaryotes that live in EXTREME conditions
