Biodiversity,habitat And Ecological Niche Flashcards

Question

Importance of forest and practices that affect the forest

Answer 1

* It serves as food and habitat * It traps excess carbon dioxide and supply us with oxygen • It provides primary materials for medicinal purposes * It serves as wind breakers which prevents soil erosion Deforestation is clearing of forest by humans. E.g. illegal mining, felling of trees, etc. • Reforestation is the process of planting trees in a forest where the number of trees has been decreasing • Afforestation is when new trees are planted or seeds are sown in an area where there was no trees before, creating a new forest. • Improving the forest soil to promote the growing of trees • Managing land sustainably by controlling felling of trees. 24

Answer 2

Energy flow,decomposition,nutrient cycling ecosystem management,community dynamics

Answer 3

Energy flow is the amount of energy through living organisms in a food chain. The largest source of energy for an ecosystem is the sun. Principle Energy flows through ecosystems in one direction, typically from the sun, through photosynthetic organisms (green plants), through herbivores, to carnivores and finally decomposers.  All living organisms can be organized

Answer 4

Each of the levels within the food chain is a trophic, and as little as 10 percent of the energy at any trophic level is transferred to the next level. The rest are lost through metabolic process as heat.

Answer 5

True So at tertiary level consumers is 10kcal and then secondary level consumers is 100kcal and primary is 1000kcal Producers-10,000kcal 10percent,10percent

Answer 6

An example of energy flow in an ecosystem would begin with the autotrophs that take energy from the sun. Herbivores then feed on the autotrophs and change the energy from the plant into energy they can use. The herbivores use the plants as food which gives them energy. A large part of this energy is used up for the metabolic function of animals such as breathing, digesting food and maintaining body temperature.  The carnivore at the next trophic level, feeds on the herbivore and derive energy for their sustenance and growth.  Decomposers, which include bacteria, fungi, molds, worms and insects break down wastes and dead organisms, and return nutrients to the soil, which is then taken up by the producers. The cycle then starts all over again.

Answer 7

Is the breakdown of complex organic matter by decomposers to inorganic raw materials like Carbon dioxide, water and various nutrients. ❖Definition of Basic terms; 1) Decomposer; an organism which breakdown organic substances into inorganic substances and nutrients example: Soil bacterium, fungi and invertebrates ( Ants and termites) 2) Saprophyte; plants, fungi or microorganisms that live and feed on the dead organic matter. Enzymes digest dead organic matter externally 3) Detritivore; an animal which feeds on dead organic material by digesting. 4) Detritus; these are dead organic matter or waste debris.

Answer 8

Fragmentation this is the breakdown of detritus such as litter fall into smaller pieces by Detritivore. 2) Leaching water percolating through the soil carries along with it soluble inorganic nutrients that precipitate as unavailable salts. 3) Catabolism After the detritus is broken down into smaller particles, enzymes from fungi and bacteria converts it into inorganic compounds such as Nitrogen, H2O and CO2. 4) Humidification this is the process of formation of dark coloured material called Humus. 5) Mineralisation this is the final step and its involve in the degradation of humus to produce further inorganic nutrients such as Mg2+, Ca2+ , Fe2+ and others

Answer 9

Helps in the recycling of nutrients into the soil which supports plant growth 2) Releases heat into the environment to provide optimum temperature for plants and animal growth 3) Releases carbon dioxide, water and nitrogen 4) Helps in soil formation

Answer 10

The nutrient cycle is a system where energy and matter are transferred between living organisms and non-living parts of the environment.

Answer 11

Nutrient cycles link living organisms with living organisms, living organisms with the non-living organisms and non-living organisms with non-living organisms.  Nutrient cycles assist the functioning of ecosystems which humans are part of. The ecosystem which requires the state of equilibrium to function properly, restore to the equilibrium state through the nutrient cycles.

Answer 12

It is an approach to maintaining or restoring the composition, structure, function, and delivery of services of natural and modified ecosystems for the goal of achieving sustainability. Some examples of these ecosystem goods and services include clean air, water and soil.

Answer 13

Trophic level of an organism is the position it occupies in a food web. The trophic level of an organism is the number of steps it is from the start of the chain. Trophic dynamics is the basic process of transference of energy from one trophic level to the next in an ecosystem.

Answer 14

Level One: producers | Level Two: primary consumers Level Three: secondary consumers Level Four: tertiary consumers Level Five: decomposers

Answer 15

Energy flow is the flow of energy through living things within an ecosystem. Energy flow is unidirectional, typically from the sun through autotrophs, to herbivores, to carnivores and finally decomposers. Biomass is the amount of organic matter. The decrease of energy at each successive feeding level means that less biomass can be supported at each level.

Answer 16

Food chain is a linear feeding relationship in which organisms feeding are being fed upon. TYPES • Grazing food chain • Parasitic food chain • Saprophytic or detritus food chain

Answer 17

Environmental change is a change or disturbance of the environment most often caused by human influences and natural ecological process Environmental change includes various factors, such as natural disasters, human interference, climatic change.

Answer 18

Environmental change cause increase in rainfall which intend increase crop yield, humans feed on these crops to improve upon their health • Increase in temperature affects the health of humans as most people especially the aged get dehydrated at high temperature conditions

Answer 19

Flooding creates breeding grounds for disease-carrying insects such as mosquitoes which can cost the lives of most people.They can also cause drownings and physical injuries. • Rising temperatures and variable precipitation are likely to decrease the production staple foods in many of the poorest regions.This will increase the prevalence of malnutrition, which currently cause 3.1 million deaths a year.

Answer 20

Rising temperature, noise pollution, air pollution can cause stress, thus hormonal imbalance which which will intend affect an individual psychologically. • Natural disasters can also can have psychological impact on an individual.

Answer 21

Increase in temperature positively affect the growth of mosquito and mosquito parasites. • Rainfall also creates breeding grounds for mosquitoes by filling empty cans • Drought may turn rivers into stagnant water which is also a breeding ground for mosquitoes. • High humidity Many types of mosquitoes are most active at night.They avoid day light at all cost, because sun exposure can dehydrate and kill them.

Answer 22

Rainfall brings about cholera in two ways ❖High rainfall which washes choke gutters into water bodies which are consumed by people. Consumption of contamination water can result in cholera. ❖No rain fall or drought When there’s drought, people tend to conserve water and these water may get contaminated as they are kept for a longer period and are consumed by people which can cause cholera.Also, the likelihood of multiple uses of water bodies may increase during drought conditions and consequently enhance the risk of contamination and exposure

Biodiversity,habitat And Ecological Niche Flashcards

(49 cards)