Biodiversity Of Plants Flashcards
(23 cards)
Plant characteristics
Multicellular eukaryotes Autotrophs with chloroplast Non mobile Cellwalls made up of cellulose Grows by using hormones
Adaptations to move to terrestrial habitats
Body parts extend into soils and air
Develop vascular system to transport nutrients
Protective cuticle to prevent drying out
Specialized structures for reproduction do not dry out
Four types of plant diversity
Bryophyte-moss
Pteriphyta-fern
Gymnosperm-makes seeds
Angiosperm-flowering plants
Thallus
No true roots stems or leave s
Reproduction of a moss
A sperm swims through moisture to female gametophyte
Fertilizes egg
Forms a zygote (2n)
Zygote develops embryonic sporophyte in top of female gametophyte
Grows long stalk that has sporangium at lip
Sporangium matures
Bursts =scattered spores
Some land in moist soil and germinate=form a new gametophyte
Sporangium
Spore producing capsule
What do pteridophytes use to reproduce
Spores not seeds
Reproduction of pteridophytes(ferns)
Reproduce sexually
Diploid saprophyte is dominant
Depend on water for fertilization
Water provided by raindrops and dew drops unless grown in water
Spores produced in thin ting walled sporangia
These are grouped on edge of fern in cluster called sori
Mature sporangium explode as the dry
Throw spores
Dispersed by air
Spore germinates and grows into a heart shape thallus called a prothallus
The prothallus then produces male and females gametes
After fertilization a new fern sprouts and the prothallus withers away
What is the seedless plant
Pteridophytes
What are he two seeded plants
Gymnosperms and angiosperms
What is the most common gymnosperm
Conifers
Describe a conifer
Leaves called needles
Reduced surface area
Thick, waxy coat on needle to reduce water loss and prevent freeing
Conifer reproduction
Male comes produce pollen and female cones produce egg and seeds
Pollen is effectively transferred by wind pollination
What are the pollinators of angiosperms
Flying insects
Birds
Bats
Life cycle of angiosperms (flowering plants)
Reproduce sexually by forming flowers, fruits and seeds
Sporophyte dominant
Another’s develop immature gametophyte in form of pollen grain
Pollen transferred mostly by wind or animal activity
Some plants are self pollinating
Advantages of asexual reproduction
Does not require special cells or lots of energy
Can produce offspring quickly
In stable environment, creates large, thriving population
Disadvantages of asexual reproduction
Limited ability to adapt
Force massive die off if environment changes
Advantages of sexual reproduction
Lots of genetic variation within a species
Able to live in variety of environments
Able to adapt if environment changes
Disadvantages of sexual reproduction
Needs time and energy
Produce small populations
What are the five types of pollination
Cross pollination
Self pollination
Wind pollination
Insect pollination
Bird pollination
What happens in self pollination
Pollen grains transferred from anthers to stigma
What is cross pollination
Transfer of pollen grains from anther of a flower of one plant to stigma of another plant of the same species
Adaptation of plants living on land
Water
Xylem helps support and growth
Xylem transports water and minerals
Phloem transports sugar for energy
Cuticle helps reduce water loss
